汉语方言受益者标记来源考察

The Origins of Benefactive Markers in Chinese Dialects

汉语方言的受益者标记至少有以下几个来源。(一)来源于“给”义动词,如“给”“拨”等;(二)来源于伴随介词,如“跟”“和”“同”“搭”“挨”等;(三)来源于替代义动词“替”“代”;(四)来源于帮助义动词“帮”“助”;(五)来源于处置标记,如“把”“捉”。受益者标记来源不同,演变路径也不一样,这跟源词的语义有关。

The benefactive markers in Chinese dialects can be traced to a wide variety of sources,of which at least five are worthy of note:1)the verbs of GIVE,e.g.gei 给 and bo 拨;2)the commitative prepositions,e.g.gen 跟,he 和,tong 同,da 搭 and ai 挨,etc.;3)the verbs of SUBSTITUTE,e.g.ti 替 and dai 代;4)the verbs of HELP,e.g.bang 帮 and zhu 助;and 5)the disposal markers,e.g.ba 把 and zhuo 捉.Benefactive markers of different originations follow different evolutionary paths,which can be attributed for by the etymological meaning of the respective words.