南亚伊斯兰极端主义兴起的内外环境及治理前景

The Rise,Development and Prospect of Islamic Extremism in South Asia

20世纪70年代末,伊斯兰复兴运动的兴起,构成了南亚伊斯兰极端主义的产生和发展的国际背景。加之深受苏联入侵阿富汗和伊朗伊斯兰革命的影响,以及美国治标不治本的全球反恐战略,尤其是其中东和南亚政策的失败,更成为促进南亚伊斯兰极端主义恶性发展的重要因素。南亚伊斯兰极端主义的发展,与地区冲突、国家建构、民族分离主义密切相关,具有跨国性、联动性等典型特征。南亚有关国家围绕打击伊斯兰极端主义加强地区性合作、对伊斯兰极端主义和恐怖主义采取不同策略,使得南亚伊斯兰极端主义治理工作取得一定成效,但仍面临诸多严峻挑战。

At the end of the 1970s,the rise of Islamic revival movement constituted the international background of the emergence and development of Islamic extremism in South Asia. In particular,the malignant development of South Asian Islamic extremism was deeply influenced by the Soviet-Afghan War,the Iranian Islamic revolution,and the United States’ palliative global anti-terrorist policies,especially the failure of its Middle East and South Asian policies. The development of South Asian Islamic extremism is closely related to regional conflicts,state-building and ethnic separatism,while with typical characteristics of crossborders and linkage. Some South Asian countries had strengthened regional cooperation so as to jointly combat Islamic extremism and adopted different strategies towards Islamic extremism and terrorism,which have made certain achievements in the Islamic extremist governance in South Asia,but still face many serious challenges.