小五台山自然保护区褐马鸡的家鸡代孵及育雏初步研究

Preliminary Studies on Incubation and Chick Rearing of Brown Eared-Pheasant at Xiaowutai Mountain Nature Reserve

于2015~2017年的3年间在小五台山自然保护区分别对褐马鸡的家鸡代孵及育雏进行了初步研究。结果表明:整个孵化期为28.3 d,大致分为初期(1~10 d)、中期(11~21 d)、后期(22~28 d)。其受精率为64%,孵化率为50.3%。孵化的平均温度为37.37℃,平均湿度为60.63%,凉蛋平均温度为23.33℃。育雏采用室内自然育雏与室外自然育雏相结合的方法进行。室内自然育雏的平均密度为0.1~0.2只/m^2,喂食为用温水泡软不定量的小米、2颗熟鸡蛋黄/d、只,10~15 g黄粉虫和蚁卵,以后逐渐增加,饮水为1/1000的青霉素温开水,室内自然育雏期为18 d;室外自然育雏的平均密度为0.05~0.1只/m^2,喂食为雏鸡饲料、绿叶蔬菜、一定量黄粉虫和蚁卵,饮水为1/1000的青霉素温开水,室外自然育雏期为50~65 d。

The current study investigated hatching and breeding of Brown Eared Pheasant(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)in Xiaowutai Nature Reserve from 2015 to 2017.The results showed that the whole incubation period was 28.3 days,which was roughly divided into the initial stage(1st-10th days),medium stage(11st-21st days),and late stage(22ed-28th days).Its fertilization rate is 64%and the hatching rate is 50.3%.The average temperature of incubation was 37.37℃;the mean humidity was 60.63%,and the average temperature of cool eggs was 23.33℃.The current project combined indoor breeding and outdoor breeding methods to breeding Brown Eared Pheasant.The average density of indoor breeding is 0.1-0.2 individual/m^2.The food included several soft millets with warm water,2 cooked egg yolk per individual per day.They are also fedwith 10-15g larval of the mealworm beetle(Tenebrio molitor)and ant eggs,which gradually increase afterward.Drinking water is 1/1000 penicillin warm water.The breeding period of indoor breeding is 18 days.For the outdoor breeding,the average density is 0.05-0.1 individual/m^2;the food included chick feed,green leafy vegetables,a certain amount of the larval of the mealworm beetle and ant eggs.The drinking water is similar with the indoor breeding,and the outdoor breeding period is 50-65 days.