我国图书馆领域专利分析与综述(1985-2017)

Analysis and Review of Chinese Library Patents(1985-2017)

[目的/意义]利用Incopat数据库检索自1985年专利法实施以来图书馆领域的专利,梳理重要主题专利技术的发展脉络,为图书馆技术研究提供参考。[方法/过程]采用文献计量法、内容分析法、专利可视化分析等方法,从专利的数量、类型、有效性、申请人、发明人等情况,详细分析图书馆文献整理设备、流阅定位及自助服务、图书馆空间管理、数据处理系统及方法、数字图书馆与知识服务方面的专利技术及创新热点。[结果/结论 ]图书馆领域专利特点有:专利数量整体呈增长态势;专利产出以大专院校为主;高分专利申请以企业为主,大专院校的专利价值度为中等水平,个人申请的专利价值度普遍不高;从IPC技术分类来看,图书馆专利涉及领域广泛,内容十分庞杂;专利主题以文献整理设备、流阅定位及自助服务为主,图书馆空间管理、数据处理系统及方法、数字图书馆与知识服务占比较少。不足之处在于:图书馆领域的专利与高新技术产业的专利相比专利申请量少得多,专利技术含量还有待提高,专利稳定性欠佳;图书馆知识服务类专利明显偏低;专利这种科研成果形式在图书馆领域尚未形成主流。

[Purpose/significance] Using Incopat database to search the patents in the library field since the implementation of the Patent Law in 1985, this article sorts out the development of important theme patent technologies, and provides reference for library technology research. [Method/process] Methods such as bibliometrics, content analysis and patent visualization analysis are adopted to analyze in detail the patent technology and innovation hot spots in the aspects of library document sorting equipment, circulation positioning and self-service, library space management, data processing system and method, digital library and knowledge service from the aspects of number, type, validity, applicant and inventor of patents. [Result/conclusion] The characteristics of patents in the field of library are as follows: the number of patents is increasing as a whole;the output of patents is mainly from colleges and universities;high-grade patent applications are mainly from enterprises;the value of patents from colleges and universities is in a medium level;individual patents are of low value. From the perspective of IPC technology classification, library patents cover a wide range of fields and contain a great variety of contents. The patent subjects mainly focus on document sorting equipment, circulation orientation and self-service facilities,while subjects of library space management, data processing system and methods, digital library and knowledge services account for less. The disadvantages are as follows: compared with the patents of high-tech industry, the number of patent applications in the field of library is much smaller, the content of patent technology still needs to be improved, and the patent stability is not good. Patents of library knowledge service are obviously less;Patent, a form of scientific research achievements, has not yet become the mainstream in the field of library.