违反价格管制的合同效力研究

Study on the Validity of Contract Violation of Price Control

价格管制要发挥作用需实现从政府政策到市场交易的转换。由于《价格法》有关价格违法行为的法律责任规定模糊,加之政府干预本身的合法性、合理性存有争议,法院对价格管制是否属于《合同法》第52条所禁止的强制性规定存在分歧。《合同法》有关合同无效的规定主要针对那些具有显著负外部效应的合同行为。违反价格管制的交易没有直接损害国家、集体、社会与其他主体的利益,负外部效应低,宜尊重诚实信用原则和比例原则,认定违反价格管制的合同原则上有效,并通过可撤销、可变更解决个别案件中存在的显失公平问题。《价格法》修改应当减少命令-控制型的立法模式,放弃违法即无效的一刀切思维,给予司法机关更多的自主裁量空间。

Price control needs to play a role in the transition from government policy to market transactions. But for the ambiguity of the articles of the pricing law, and for the government intervention may lack legitimacy and rationality, the judgment about the effects of price controls and treatments of illegal contract is inconsistent. Both government intervention and mandatory rules in Contract law are designed to overtake market failure, although using different mechanism. It is necessary to restrain the using of mandatory provisions. The actions against pricing regulation should be treated as validly, due to less externality. Especially, the amending of pricing law need focus on limiting the arbitrary implementation of price controls. And the amended pricing law should abandon the rigid approach that a contract shall be null and void because violate the compulsory provisions of laws and administrative regulations. Certainly, the purchaser should have right to request court to modify or revoke special contracts.