新中国70年金融开放的逻辑机理与经验启示:兼论中美贸易摩擦下的开放取向

Logic Mechanism,Experience Inspiration and Future Orientation of 70-Year Financial Opening in New China

新中国成立70年以来,中国金融业在微观与宏观领域都发挥着不可替代的作用。金融开放作为中国对外开放格局的重要组成部分,既符合金融业自身的发展需要,也是深化金融供给侧结构性改革,推动经济高质量发展的内在要求。文章在将中国金融开放分为萌芽孕育、基础奠定、深入探索以及稳健推进四个历史演化阶段的基础上,从促使产业结构调整、推动贸易投资便利化、倒逼金融监管制度改革以及加快资源要素流动四个方面阐释其逻辑机理,进而认为中国金融对外开放的经验主要表现为多方位金融开放、渐进式金融开放、统筹国际国内市场化改革以及从宏观角度看待金融危机。文章还结合当前中美贸易摩擦中潜在的问题风险,提出未来中国将持续推动金融市场的对外开放,深化外汇管理体制改革,保持外汇管理政策的连续稳定性;建设多元化金融市场体系,提升服务实体经济水平;协同金融开放与创新,提高金融资源配置效率;深化金融监管制度改革,有效防控系统性金融风险等政策建议。

Over the past 70 years,China’s financial industry has played an irreplaceable role in both micro and macro fields. Financial opening,as an important part of the historical process of financial reform and the pattern of China’s opening to the world,is not only in line with the development needs of the financial industry itself,but also an inherent requirement for deepening the supplyside structural reform in finance and realizing high-quality economic development. On the basis of reviewing the four historical stages of early germination,proliminary establishment,steady progress and in-depth exploration of opening up,this paper analyzes the logical mechanism of China’s financial opening,summarizes the basic experience of financial opening. Finally combined with the potential problems and risks in the current Sino-US trade friction,this paper puts forward the future orientation of financial opening.