中国贸易开放与代际间收入流动影响分析

Trade Openness and Intergenerational Income Mobility

文章利用1997~2015年间7次中国健康与营养调查数据(CHNS)构建了家庭层面的代际收入流动指标,从代际间收入流动视角考察地区贸易开放对代际不平等问题的影响。结果表明:贸易开放会促进代际间收入流动,推动子辈向高于父辈的收入等级攀升,同时在一定程度上能够阻碍子辈向低于父辈的收入等级流动,缩小了代际间收入差距。贸易开放对代际间收入流动在城乡存在异质性,整体上贸易开放对城镇子辈代际间收入向上流动有更强的促进作用。代际间收入流动的提升归功于贸易开放带来的职业变动和受教育程度的提高,这一结论对中国贯彻实行对外开放政策、推动城镇化进程、促进代际机会平等以及应对逆全球化思潮有重要的政策意义。

Based on the data of seven CHNS surveys between 1997 and 2015,this paper constructed the intergenerational income mobility index at the family level,and investigated the influence of regional trade openness on the issue of intergenerational inequality from the perspective of intergenerational income mobility. The results show that the trade openness can promote the inter-generational income mobility,promote the children to climb to the income level higher than their parents,at the same time,to a certain extent,can prevent the children from moving to the income level lower than their parents,and narrow the inter-generational income gap. Trade openness has a heterogeneity in the income flow between generations in urban and rural areas. On the whole,trade openness has a stronger promoting effect on the income flow between generations of urban children. The rise in intergenerational income mobility is attributed to job changes and better education as a result of trade openness. This conclusion is of great policy significance for China to carry out the policy of opening to the outside world,promote the process of urbanization and promote the equality of opportunity between generations.