作为方法论的“阶级”：试论1930年代初中国“新的新闻学”的缘起和展开

Class as methodology:Origin and evolution of China’s "New Journalism" in early 1930s

本文以对《中国新闻学研究会成立宣言》的理路研判为起点,剖析为何1930年初,新闻学在中国刚具规模,就发生了试图从立场到知识全面更化的"新的新闻学"。透过对相关文献的文本细读和历史解读。笔者认为(1)"阶级"学说在知识阶层几成共识是其中的关键因素。一旦这一观念作为方法论被接受,在"阶级社会"的尺度下,原本以"国民社会"为框架的"过去的新闻学",势必不被看作产生知识的有效途径。(2)此时中国报界和新闻学界的具体状况,既为"新的新闻学"成为潮流创造了现实动因,也提供了言说空间。(3)然而此时国人所秉持的"阶级"学说派别众多,对马克思主义的了解也不全面。因此,"新的新闻学"既没有立即形成路径共识,也未能生成相对完备的中国马克思主义新闻学理论。

This article begins with a theoretical analysis of the Declaration of China Journalism Research Association,analyzing why there was a type of New Journalism which attempted to change its position and knowledge comprehensively when journalism had just taken shape in China in the early 1930’s.Through close-reading and historical interpretation of the relevant text. The author come to conclusion that, firstly, the consensus of class theory in the intelligentsia is a key factor. Once this concept is accepted as a methodology, under the scale of class society, journalism of the past, which was originally based on the framework of national society, will certainly not be regarded as an effective way to produce knowledge;secondly,at that time, the specific situation of Chinese newspapers and journalism circles not only created realistic motivation for the new journalism, but also provided space for speech;thirdly,at this time, however, there were many schools of class theory, and the understanding of Marxism was not comprehensive.Therefore, the New Journalism has neither formed an immediate consensus on the path nor generated a relatively complete theory of Chinese Marxist journalism.