EV71疫苗预防接种对惠州市手足口病的流行病学特征及病原学的影响

Epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic effects of EV71 vaccine vaccination on hand, foot and mouth disease in Huizhou City

目的探讨EV71疫苗预防接种对惠州市手足口病的流行病学特征及病原学的影响,为制定有效预防措施提供相关依据。方法选取惠州市2016年1月1日至2018年12月31日各医院手足口病病历资料以及EV71疫苗预防接种的监测数据,以描述其流行病学特征以及病原学的方法,对其进行分析。结果2016-2018年惠州市手足口病总报告发病数为78217例,平均发病率546.70/10万,2016-2018年发病率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=5.324,P=0.026);城区手足口病发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=3.762,P=0.031);2016-2018年惠州市EV71疫苗预防总接种剂次数为235825剂次,2016-2018年惠州市EV71疫苗预防接种剂次比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=5.415,P=0.024);男性手足口病发病率明显较女性高,发病年龄多集中在0~5岁;手足口病发病人群多集中在幼托和散居儿童,2016-2018年惠州市手足口病人群分类比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);EV71病原体构成比逐年减少,数据比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=0.412,P<0.05)。结论惠州市手足口病在多发于0~5岁幼托和散居儿童,且男童明显多于女童,其病原体主要为EV71和Cox A16,应重点进行预防。同时加强对手足口病的流行病学特征及病原学的研究,加快相关疫苗的知识普及和接种,将更有利于对手足口病的预防。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and etiology of Hand,Foot and Mouth Disease in Huizhou City,and provide relevant evidence for the development of effective preventive measures.Methods The data of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and EV71 vaccine vaccination data of Huizhou City from January 1,2016 to December 31,2018 were collected to describe epidemiological characteristics and etiology.Results From 2016 to 2018,the total number of reported cases of hand,foot and mouth disease in Huizhou City was 78,217 cases,with an average incidence rate of 546.70/100,000,the difference in incidence between 2016 and 2018 was statistically significant(χ^2=5.324,P=0.026);the incidence of hand,foot and mouth disease in Huicheng District in 2016~2018 was statistically significant(χ^2=3.762,P=0.031);in 2016~2018,the total number of vaccination doses for EV71 vaccine in Huizhou City was 235825 doses,2016~2018 Huizhou EV71 vaccine vaccination dose comparison,the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=5.415,P=0.024);the incidence rate among male is male significantly higher than that of women,and the age of onset is mostly concentrated in 0~5 years old,2016~2018,the age and sex specific incidence was not statistically significant(P>0.05);the incidence is higher in children in 2016~2018,in Huizhou City,from 2016 to 2018,the composition ratio of EV71 pathogens decreased year by year,and the difference in data was statistically significant(χ^2=0.412,P<0.05).Conclusions Hand,foot and mouth disease in Huizhou City is mostly occurred in children aged 0-5 years old,and the number of boys is significantly higher than that of girls,the pathogens are mainly EV71 and Cox A16,which should be prevented.At the same time,strengthening the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen research,speeding up the knowledge popularization and vaccination,will be more conducive to the prevention of the foot and mouth disease.