从“以政立教”到“以教导政”——从经曲之辨看汉、宋礼学的秩序理路嬗变

The Transition of Ritual Order Thoughts from Han to Song Dynasties: A Study based on the Discussion about Jingli(经礼) and Quli(曲礼)

秦火之后,礼经废阙,礼家本于秩序关怀,整合传世礼书,以构建完备体系。汉儒郑玄以《周礼》为"经礼",遍注三礼,南北朝隋唐礼学义疏多宗其学;宋儒朱熹转以《仪礼》为"经礼",编撰《仪礼经传通解》,对元明清通礼之学影响深远。细究郑、朱礼学,可知二家均以《周礼》为"政典"、《仪礼》为"教典",但据以为"经礼"的文献不同,体系构建的本末先后遂有区别:郑学"以政立教",朱学则"以教导政"。郑、朱礼学格局相当而理路相反,反映出汉宋儒学秩序构建的路向转折。

After the burning of books in the Qin Dynasty,the classic of ritual order was gravely damaged.Confucian classicists had to reconstruct an order system based on three existing ritual books:Yili(仪礼),Zhouli(周礼),and Liji(礼记).Confucian classicist Zheng Xuan in the Han Dynasty viewed Zhouli as Jingli经礼.Zheng’s thoughts have been regarded as the origin by classicists during the period from the third century to the ninth century.Research paradigm shifted in the Song Dynasty.Confucian classicist Zhu Xi began to construct an order system based on the idea that Yili is Jingli.Zhu’s thoughts also exert a far-reaching influence to the generation to come.In Zheng’s order system,politics governs culture,while in Zhu’s order system,culture guides politics.Based on the essential differences of thoughts between Zheng Xuan and Zhu Xi,we can see the order thought transition from the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty.