基于多目标粒子群算法的电磁主动悬架作动器优化

Optimum of Electromagnetic Active Suspension Actuator Using Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

针对电磁主动悬架直线式作动器电磁力波动对悬架系统影响问题,建立作动器磁场解析模型,以总谐波畸变量(Total harmonic distortion,THD)作为电动势(Electromotive force,EMF)中谐波含量的评价指标,对影响电磁力输出的EMF进行谐波分析,在此基础上,建立考虑悬架电磁力波动特性的悬架系统模型,分析了车辆动力学响应特性。其次,采用多目标粒子群智能优化算法,以"大EMF幅值"和"小THD"值作为目标,对作动器结构参数进行多目标优化,并利用模糊集合理论对优化后的Pareto最优解集进行选优。仿真结果表明,作动器电磁力波动下降了53.8%,有效电磁力提升了8.5%,基本消除了电磁力波动对悬架系统的影响。最后,对作动器样件进行测试,结果显示:作动器绕组EMF中含有3次、2次、4次和5次谐波分量,且THD值达到了5.6%,电磁力波动为7.8 N,试验结果验证了对电磁力波动分析及优化的有效性。

For aiming at reducing the influence of the thrust ripple in electromagnetic active suspension, magnetic field theoretical model of the actuator is established, total harmonic distortion(THD) is taken as the evaluation to actuator EMF, harmonic components of EMF which effective to the electromagnetic force are analyzed. On this basis, a suspension dynamics model considering suspension electromagnetic force fluctuation is established, and the vehicle dynamic response characteristics are analyzed. And then, taking the maximum EMF amplitude and the minimum THD as optimization objective, the actuator structure parameters are optimized with intelligent multi-objectives particle swarm optimization. The best Pareto optimal solution is selected based on the fuzzy set theory. After optimization, the ripple of electromagnetic force is reduced by 53.8%, and the value of electromagnetic force is increased by 8.5%, the influence of the thrust ripple in electromagnetic active suspension system is basically eliminated. Finally, actuator prototype is experimented on test bench. The results show that there are a series of harmonics including the 3 rd, 2 rd, 4 rd and 5 rd in the EMF wave, the THD is 5.6%, and the ripple of electromagnetic force is 7.8 N. Optimization results are verified by experiment.