咸承师法:陈寿祺、陈乔枞经学研究的特质与意义

Inheriting the Knowledge Handed by One’s Master:Chen Shouqi and Chen Qiaocong’s Studies of Confucian Classics

陈寿祺、陈乔枞父子是清代闽省最具成就与声望的汉学家。陈寿祺在与诸多师友交往过程中逐渐形成汉学思想,其子陈乔枞绍述父志,使得家学绵延不坠。他们以汉儒最为重视的"师法"观念研究《五经异义》和三家《诗》、今文《尚书》,最大限度地还原了西汉今文经说。陈寿祺所谓"两世执经,咸承师法",恰切地概括了父子二人的学问路径。这一路径上承吴派惠学,章太炎评价他们"学本近吴",实为探本。陈寿祺父子的经学研究在廖平《今古学考》中得以传承,其学术贡献在蒙文通重构的清学史谱系中得到肯定。考察陈氏父子经学研究的特质与意义,不仅有助于对清代今文经学的一般论述进行反思,而且有助于探寻清代"师法"观念的发展历程。

Chen Shouqi and Chen Qiaocong were the most prestigious and accomplished scholars in Fujian province during the Qing Dynasty.Chen Shouqi’s thought of "Han Learning" which was based upon the Confucian Classics of the Han Dynasty,came into being in the process of his communication with many teachers and friends.His son,Chen Qiaocong,went on studying the "Han Learning" and achieved greatly.They two recovered and re-interpreted Wujing yiyi,the New Text Shijing and Shangshu by the concept of shifa(inheritance of knowledge handed down by one’s master).Zhang Taiyan pointed out that Chens’ academic thought was from the Wu School.Other scholars like Liao Ping and Meng Wentong spoke highly of Chen Shouqi and Chen Qiaocong,and rediscovered the contribution of their studies.This paper not only reflects on the general course of studies on the classics throughout the Qing Dynasty,but also explores the complicated concept of shifa.