19世纪中后期至20世纪初美国国家公园运动兴起的历史考察

On the Rise of American National Parks from the Middle 19th to the Early 20th Century

从19世纪中后期开始,美国兴起了一场"为了人民的利益与愉悦"将拥有壮美自然景观的"原始"荒野保留为国家公园的运动。该运动以1872年黄石公园的建立为标志,在进步主义时期获得快速发展,不仅促成了一系列荒野公园的建立,并且其管理机构和制度建设也逐渐走向成熟,成为该时期美国资源保护运动的重要组成部分。美国国家公园运动的兴起具有重要的开创性意义,对美国自然资源保护和国家认同产生了深刻影响,同时也对世界国家公园运动的发展起到了重要的示范和促进作用。

Since the middle 19 th Century,some American elites began a national park movement in order to preserve the "primitive" wilderness for the benefit and enjoyment of the people in the United States.The establishment of Yellowstone National Park in 1872 marked the rise of the movement which then developed quickly in the Progressive Era.The movement helped establish many wilderness parks in the western part of the country and perfected its administrative policies.It finally became an important part of the American conservation movement during the Progressive Era.The rise of the national parks meant greatly to the United States.It not only protected natural resources and promoted national identity,but also set the model for the world national park movement to follow.