从军政分权到合权:拜占庭总督制探究

From Decentralization to Centralization:The Byzantine Governor-General Reform

拜占庭莫里斯皇帝实行行政与军事改革,颇有成效,为早期拜占庭向中期拜占庭过渡奠定了良好的基础。三项改革措施中尤以总督制改革为重,它作为军区制的先导为帝国的发展指明了发展方向。总督制实际上是军政权力从"分权"到"合权",是帝国根据当时特殊的形势所采取的应然举措,经由伊拉克略改良之后从边疆深入到腹地,蔚为大观。总督制的形成具有一定的历史文化背景,同时也符合罗马帝国以来行政治理传统,解决了国家的边患问题,符合历史发展的潮流。

During the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice,the administrative and military reforms were effective,laying a good foundation for the early Byzantine transition to the mid Byzantium.The governing system was the core of the reform.It functioned as the precursor of the military reform and guided the development of the empire.The governor-general system changed from "decentralization" to "centralization".It met the special situation at that time and spread from the frontier to the hinterland.The formation of the governing system had a certain historical and cultural background.It inherited the Roman administrative tradition and solved the country’s border problems.