以青海为代表的全国新生儿出生缺陷研究综述

A Review of Research on National Birth Defects in Newborns Represented by Qinghai Province

[目的]分析我国新生儿出生缺陷的发生状况,探究影响新生儿出生缺陷的因素。[方法]采用了回顾性分析的研究方法,对我国主要省、直辖市、自治区的新生儿的出生缺陷率进行了统计分析。结果我国新生儿出生缺陷率在胎儿性别、地域、产妇年龄等方面有显著性差异:男性出生缺陷率高于女性出生缺陷率,农村出生缺陷率明显高于城市出生缺陷率,产妇年龄低于20岁以及高于35岁出现出生缺陷的概率明显高于其他年龄段。进一步研究发现,影响我国出生缺陷的主要因素有:妊娠期患病、孕妇年龄、孕期接触有害物质、分娩季度、孕期服用避孕药、孕期发热、异常生育史、家族遗传病、行为习惯等九大因素。[结论]孕产妇做好孕期保健,进行常规产前检查,保持良好的行为习惯,是降低出生缺陷率的有效举措。

Objective To analyze the occurrence of birth defects in newborns in China and to explore the factors affecting birth defects in newborns.Methods A retrospective analysis method was used to analyze the birth defect rate of newborns in major provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China.Results The birth defect rate of newborns in China was significantly different in terms of gender, region and maternal age: the male birth defect rate was higher than the female birth defect rate, the rural birth defect rate was significantly higher than the urban, the incidence of birth defects in mothers aged less than 20 years and over 35 years was significantly higher than that in other age groups.Further research found that there are nine main factors affecting birth defects in China.We conclude as follows: illness during pregnancy, age of pregnant women, exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy, quarter of delivery, contraceptive use during pregnancy, fever, abnormal birth history, family genetic diseases, behavioral habits, etc.Conclusion maternal health care during pregnancy, routine prenatal examination, and maintaining good behavioral habits are effective measures to reduce the rate of birth defects.