贫困与反贫困:2019年度诺贝尔经济科学奖获奖工作评述

Poverty and Antipoverty: Comments on the Work of the 2019 Nobel Prize Winners in Economic Sciences

2019年10月14日,Abhijit Banerjee、Esther Duflo和Michael Kremer因其在全球减贫方面的杰出工作共同获得了本年度诺贝尔经济科学奖。他们的主要贡献是将随机对照试验应用于发展经济学领域的实证研究,并就该方法的外部有效性问题提出了有效解决方案,推动了该领域研究方法的发展和相关领域的发展。同时,他们利用随机对照试验研究贫困问题,提升了全球抗击贫困的能力。本文梳理了三位获奖人的研究贡献,也讨论了其研究工作对中国脱贫攻坚及乡村振兴的启示,以及对未来全球减贫行动的展望。

Abhijit Banerjee,Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2019 for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty. Their main contribution is to apply randomized controlled trials to empirical research in the field of development economics,and to propose effective solutions to the external validity of the method. As a result of their contribution,the research methods in this field are enhanced. At the same time,they use randomized controlled trials to study poverty and improve the worldwide ability to fight poverty in practice. This paper summarizes the research contributions of them,then analyzes the enlightenment of their research on China’s poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,and finally visualizes the potential success that the global poverty reduction efforts may achieve in the future.