从“英雄人物”到“优秀组织”——组织情境下基模“梯次递进”式形成过程的案例研究

From “Individual Heroes” to “an Outstanding Organization”--A Case Study of the Schema Formation Mechanisms of “Step Progression” under the Organizational Context

基模是组织中稳定存续的核心认知结构,凝聚着组织共有的知识结构和一致的信念结构,对组织行为具有根本性影响。然而,关于基模形成的"泛化"和"固化"机理,已有研究仍存在理论缺口。根据基模的基础理论,本文在一手数据基础上通过案例研究发现:在关键个体驱动下,基模从"个体具有"发展到"群体共享";在组织统一推动下,基模从"群体共享"发展到"组织共有",从而实现了基模的逐级"泛化";无论个体、群体还是组织基模,都依次经历了感知、学习和记忆的关键步骤,从而完成了基模的逐层"固化";总体上,基模呈现"梯次递进"式形成过程。本文在理论上细化并完善了基模形成机理,刻画出基模"Z"形形成路径,为基模理论补强了经验证据;在实践上为企业文化建设等提供启示。

The Schema is the core cognitive structure which exists in the organization in long-term. It embodies the shared knowledge structure and consistent belief structure of the organization,and has a fundamental impact on organizational behavior. However,there are still research gaps in the existing studies on the "generalization"and "solidification"mechanisms of the Schema formation. Based on Schema theories,Organizational Learning and other related theories,through case studies,this paper finds that from "individual possess"to "group share",Schema is driven by key individuals;under the unified promotion of the organization,the Schema develops from"group share"to"organization own",thus achieving the Schema"generalization";individuals,groups and organizations all experience3 key steps: perception,learning and memory,which help them achieve the Schema "solidification";overall,the Schema presents a"step progression"formation mechanisms. The research theoretically refines the Schema formation mechanisms,portrays the Schema"Z"curve formation path,extends the Schema to the organizational complex task context,reinforces empirical evidence for the Schema theory and provides inspiration for cultural development in practice.