甘肃省2010-2017年职业病发病报告情况分析

Epidemiological study of occupational diseases in Gansu province,China in 2010-2017

目的分析甘肃省2010~2017年职业病发病报告的特征,为制定甘肃省职业病防治策略提供理论依据。方法2018年6月,采用整群抽样方法对"职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统"中2010~2017年甘肃省职业病报告的1329例发病数据进行统计分析,调查职业病发病的病种、地区和行业情况等。结果2010~2017年全省共报告新诊断的各类职业病有8大类39种共1339例,其中,尘肺病、职业中毒和职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病报告发病例数位居前3位,分别占病例总数的87.53%(1172/1339)、5.83%(78/1339)和3.14%(42/1339)。其中,矽肺病例占尘肺病病例总数的54.61%(640/1172),其次为煤工尘肺,占38.57%(452/1172);一氧化碳中毒占职业中毒病例总数的32.05%(25/78)。全省14个市(州)均有报告发病病例,其中兰州市、金昌市和白银市报告发病例数位居前3位,分别占病例总数的27.52%(347/1261)、16.57%(209/1261)和14.20%(179/1261)。全省报告发病病例主要集中在采矿业(71.56%,468/654)和制造业(21.87%,143/654)、国有经济(55.63%,692/1244)和私有经济类型(33.68%,419/1244)、大型(43.41%,540/1244)和小型企业(35.21%,438/1244)。结论甘肃省2010至2017年职业病发病报告中尘肺为主要病种。国有经济和私有经济类型、大型和小型企业应成为甘肃省职业卫生工作的重点监控对象。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational diseases in Gansu Province,China in 2010-2017,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases.Methods The cluster sampling method was adopted to make statistical analysis of 1339 cases of occupational disease reported by"occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system"in Gansu province from 2010 to 2017,to investigate the diseases,regions and industries of occupational diseases in June 2018.Results A total of 1339 cases of occupational diseases(39 types,8 classes)were diagnosed and reposed in 2010-2017.The three most frequent diseases were pneumoconiosis(87.53%,1172/1339),occupational poisonings(5.83%,78/1339),and occupational ear,nose,and throat(ENT)diseases(3.14%,42/1339).The cases of silicosis accounted for 54.61%(640/1172)of all cases of pneumoconiosis,the second was coalworker pneumoconiosis,which accounted for 38.57%(452/1172).In the cases of occupational poisonings,32.05%(25/78)suffered from carbon monoxide poisoning.Patients with occupational diseases were reported in 14 districts of Gansu,mostly in Lanzhou(27.52%,347/1261),Jinchang(16.57%,209/1261),and Baiyin(14.20%,179/1261).The reported cases are mainly concentrated in mining(71.56%,468/654)and manufacturing(21.87%,143/654),the types of state-owned economy(55.63%,692/1244)and private economy(33.68%,419/1244),large(43.41%,540/1244)and small enterprises(35.21%,438/1244)in 2010-2017 in Gansu.Conclusion The pneumoconiosis caused by silicious and coal dust and the occupational poisonings caused by carbon monoxide seem to be the main occupational hazards in Gansu province.Occupational diseases occur in all districts of Guangzhou and in various industries.The state-owned economy and private sector,large and small enterprises should be the focuses of occupational health supervision.