某石膏矿企业职业病危害因素暴露对工人健康的影响

The analysis of health effects of exposure to occupational hazards on works in gypsum mining enterprise

目的调查湖北某石膏矿工人健康情况并分析职业病危害因素暴露对石膏矿工人的健康影响。方法于2017年4月,对某石膏矿进行职业病危害因素现场检测,并采用整群抽样选取500名工人进行问卷调查,收集其职业健康检查等相关数据资料,进行描述性统计分析。结果石膏矿工人接触的主要职业病危害因素为石膏粉尘、噪声等。工作场所中总粉尘8 h时间加权平均浓度为4.32~9.34 mg/m^3,岗位合格率为69.2%(9/13);呼吸性粉尘0.13~5.15 mg/m^3,岗位合格率75.0%(3/4)。石膏矿工人以手指功能障碍和肌肉麻木、关节疼痛(29.2%,88/301)和胸痛、呼吸困难(17.6%,53/301)为主;其次为耳鸣、耳道流脓、流水(4.7%,14/301)、肌张力异常(2.7%,8/301)。职业病危害因素暴露与石膏矿工人呼吸系统、听觉系统和神经系统症状有关(P<0.05)。结论石膏矿工人长期暴露于石膏粉尘、噪声等职业病危害因素,可引起呼吸系统、听觉系统等健康损害症状。

Objective To investigate the health of gypsum miners in Hubei province and analyze the health effects of occupational disease hazards exposure on gypsum miners.Methods In April 2017,occupational disease hazard factors were tested on the site of a gypsum mine,and 500 workers were selected by random sampling to conduct questionnaires,relevant data such as occupational health examination was collected,and descriptive statistical analysis was performed.Results The main occupational hazards of gypsum miners were gypsum dust and noise.The time-weighted average concentration of 8 h in the workplace was 4.32 to 9.34 mg/m^3,and the post pass rate was 69.2%(9/13);Respiratory dust 0.13-5.15 mg/m^3,post pass rate 75.0%(3/4).Gypsum miners had finger dysfunction and muscle numbness,joint pain(29.2%,88/301)and chest pain and breathing difficulties(17.6%,53/301).Followed by tinnitus,auricle pus,running water(4.7%,14/301),abnormal muscle tension(2.7%,8/301).The exposure of occupational disease hazards was associated with respiratory,auditory and neurological symptoms of gypsum miners.Conclusion The long-term exposure of gypsum workers to gypsum dust,noise and other harmful factors may result in obvious symptoms of respiratory system and other health damage.