欧盟旅游资源空间格局及其动态演进：1992—2016

Spatial Pattern and Dynamic Distribution of Tourism Resources in European Union,1992-2016

旅游资源分布格局及其动态演进是旅游资源科学评价与可持续发展的基础,是旅游研究的重要问题之一。文章以欧盟旅游资源为研究对象,运用核密度估计方法解析欧盟旅游资源空间格局特征及其演进。研究结果显示:①欧盟国际旅游资源分布呈现北欧、西欧、中东欧、南欧-地中海欧洲等四区,北海沿岸、多瑙河流域、地中海沿岸等三带;自然旅游资源呈现沿海、沿河分布,文化旅游资源富集于各亚文化区。②二维核密度分布显示欧盟国际旅游资源开发增速较快,分布趋于均衡。其中文化旅游资源数量2002年比1995年显著增加,分布趋向均衡,自然旅游资源分布趋向均衡和多极化。③旅游资源的异质性、整体性决定了旅游资源的跨国开发与保护,申根签证政策对欧盟旅游资源开发、旅游经济发展具有促进作用,国际旅游发展同时受到经济发展水平、可进入性、文化差异和难民等因素影响。

The spatial pattern and dynamic distribution of tourism resources have become one of the important issues in tourism research because it is the basis of scientific evaluation and sustainable development of tourism resources. This paper applies ArcGIS10.3 and Stata14 to analyze spatial pattern and dynamic distribution of tourism resources in European Union from 1992 to 2016. The results showed that: 1) European Union’s international tourism resources are divided into four regions: Northern Europe, Western Europe, Central/Eastern Europe, and Southern/Medit. Europe, which constitute three zones: the coastal areas of the North Sea coast, Danube Basin and Mediterranean coast. Beihai coast. The natural tourist resources of the European Union are distributed along the coast and the great rivers. The EU’s cultural tourism resources are enriched in all sub cultures. 2) Kernel Density Estimation shows that the development and protection of international tourism resources in the European Union generally grow faster and tend to be balanced, in which the number of cultural tourism resources increased significantly in 2002 than in 1995, the distribution of natural tourism resources tends to be balanced and multi-polarized. 3) The heterogeneity and integrity of tourism resources determine the necessity of transnational cooperation, development and protection of tourism resources Schengen visa policy promotes exploiting of tourism resources and the development of tourism economy in the European Union. The level of economic development, accessibility, cultural differences and security considerations influences the development of international tourism.