中国国民收入分配格局的现状与国际比较

Current Situation of China’s National Income Distribution Pattern and a Related International Comparison

近年来,中国国民收入分配格局已经基本趋向稳定,企业、政府和居民部门的收入份额之比基本维持在25∶15∶60左右。这一结果表明,自20世纪90年代中期开始,一直持续到2008年左右的居民部门收入份额下降的趋势已基本得到缓解。本文着重展示改革开放以来中国1978-2016年各部门间初次收入分配格局的变化趋势,并与OECD成员国进行了对比分析,发现2016年中国居民部门收入份额低于发达国家约8.66个百分点,而金融企业部门高出约3.51个百分点,非金融企业部门高出约3.80个百分点。建议进一步降低金融部门和非金融企业部门中垄断行业收入份额,并适当降低政府部门的收入份额,以提升居民部门收入份额。

In recent years, China’s national income distribution pattern has basically stabilized, and the income share of enterprises, government and residents sector has remained at around 25:15:60. This result indicates that the trend of decline in the income share of residents sector that begun in the mid-1990 s and continued through 2008 has been alleviated. This paper focuses on the trend of the initial income distribution pattern among various sectors in China since the reform and opening-up, and compares with selected OECD countries. It is found that the income share of residents sector in China is about 8.66 percentage points lower than that of developed countries, while financial enterprise sector is about 3.51 percentage points higher and nonfinancial enterprise sector is about 3.80 percentage points higher. It is suggested that the income share of monopoly industries in both financial and non-financial enterprise sector should be further reduced, and that the income share of government sector should be appropriately reduced, so as to enhance the income share of residents sector.