神经阻滞引导技术研究进展

Research progress in nerve block guiding technology

神经阻滞技术是临床麻醉学的关键核心技术之一.近20年来,从最初的异感法到现在的神经刺激器和超声引导技术,越来越多的引导技术和方法在神经阻滞中应用.近年来,医学图像融合技术和医学图像人工智能辨识技术的发展,使神经阻滞引导技术有了新的发展空间.超声联合其他技术(简称"超声+"技术)有助于解决单独使用超声引导时由于患者肥胖、解剖变异等因素造成的穿刺定位困难,未来需要研究和开发更多的技术和超声联合使用.为了了解近年来各种神经阻滞引导技术的优缺点并指导临床中的合理应用,文章对近年来各种神经阻滞引导技术进行综述,阐述了从最初的异感法到最新的"超声+"技术的发展过程及"超声+"技术最新的研究进展,对比了各种神经阻滞引导技术的优缺点,并展望新型神经阻滞引导技术.

Nerve block is one of the key techniques in clinical anesthesiology.In the past 20 years,from the initial method of abnormal sensation to the current techniques of nerve stimulator and ultrasound guidance,more and more guiding techniques and methods have been applied in nerve block.In recent years,with respect to the development of medical image fusion technology and artificial intelligence identification for medical imaging,the nerve block guidance technology has greatly developed.Ultrasound combined with other technologies(abbreviated as"ultrasound+"technology)can help to solve the difficulty of puncture positioning caused by obesity,anatomical variation and other factors when ultrasound is used alone.In the future,more research and development of more technologies and ultrasound should be used.In order to understand the advantages and disadvantages of various nerve block guiding techniques in recent years and to guide the rational application in clinical setting,this paper reviews various nerve block guiding techniques in recent years,expounds the process from the initial abnormal sensation method to the latest"ultrasound+"technology and the latest research progress of"ultrasound+"technology,compares the advantages and disadvantages of various nerve block guidance techniques,and looks forward to the new nerve block guiding technology.