2012—2017年重庆市南川区学校传染病疫情监测分析

Analysis of epidemic situation of infectious diseases in schools in Nanchuan District of Chongqing City from 2012 to 2017

目的了解重庆市南川区所有中小学、托幼机构传染病发病情况及其流行病学特征,为相关部门预警和制定传染病防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对重庆市南川区2012-2017年中小学、托幼机构学生传染病疫情监测资料进行分析。结果重庆市南川区2012-2017年累计报告学校传染病病例2 328例,平均发病率为352.86/10万,发病涉及9个病种。发病前3位依次为流行性感冒(963例)、水痘(719例)、手足口病(313例),分别占发病总数的41.37%、30.88%、13.45%。每年呼吸道传染病发病率均明显高于消化道传染病。发病人群以小学生为主,占发病总数的66.15%。托幼机构以手足口病为主,占托幼机构传染病发病总数的60.79%。学校传染病发病时间分布有两个发病高峰,分别为春季和冬季。结论重庆市南川区近6年学校传染病总体情况可控,但形势不容乐观。中小学传染病防控工作的重点是以流行性感冒、水痘为主的呼吸道传染病,托幼机构防控的重点是手足口病,发病人群以小学生为主。尤其要加强乡村小学的传染病防控工作。

Objective To understand the epidemic situation and characteristics of infectious diseases in all primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Nanchuan District of Chongqing City, so as to provide the basis for the relevant departments to formulate the early warning and measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods The epidemic monitoring data of infectious diseases among students in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Nanchuan District of Chongqing from 2012 to 2017 were analyzed by using the descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 2328 cases of school infectious diseases were reported in Nanchuan District of Chongqing City from 2012 to 2017.The average incidence was 352.86/105, and the incidence of disease related to 9 disease species. The first 3 were influenza(963 cases), chickenpox(719 cases), and hand-foot-mouth disease(313 cases), accounting for 41.37%, 30.88% and 13.45%of the total number of morbidityrespectively. The incidence of respiratory infections was significantly higher than that of digestive tract infectionsin the same year. The incidence was mainly from primary school students, accounting for the total number of 66.15%, and childcare institutions were dominated by hand-foot-mouth disease, accounting for 60.79% of the total incidence of infectious diseases. There were two peak periods in the incidence of infectious diseases in schools, namely spring and winter. Conclusion The school infectious disease control overall situation is good in Nanchuan District of Chongqing City in the past 6 years, but the situation is still not optimistic. The focus of infectious disease prevention and control in primary and secondary schools is respiratory infectious diseases, which are mainly based on influenza and chickenpox,and the focus of prevention and control of childcare institutions and primary schools is hand-foot-mouth disease, with primary school students as the main patients. In particular, we should strengthen the prevention and control of infectious diseases in rural primary schools.