中国不同气候区光伏潜力分析

Analysis of Photovoltaic Potential in Different Climate Regions of China

在零能耗建筑中,可再生能源起到至关重要的作用,而其中光伏的应用最为广泛。本文研究了我国不同气候区的光伏应用潜力。对不同气候条件、建筑高度、光伏倾角、朝向、光电转换效率等因素下的发电情况进行分析。通过TRNSYS与RETScreen模拟软件相结合计算不同地区建筑能耗与光伏发电量,并对建筑与光伏之间的匹配特性进行研究。就我国夏热冬暖地区而言,建筑朝向对零能耗建筑影响较小。青藏高原光伏贡献率可超过200%。而东南地区太阳能资源不丰富,最佳发电量为约为170 k W·h/(m^2·a),同时空调能耗较高,仅通过采用光伏系统难以实现零能耗,需配合其他技术。随着建筑高度的增加,建筑实现零能耗愈发困难。仅考虑光伏系统的情况下,在太阳能资源丰富的西南地区,高层建筑才可能实现零能耗。本研究对居住建筑光伏系统在我国不同地区的应用潜力提供了理论支撑与技术指导。

With the improvement of energy saving in buildings,renewable energy is important for zero energy buildings.Photovoltaic system is widely spread in recent years due to abundant solar energy and environmental benefits.This research studied the performance of photovoltaic system in China.Electricity generation was investigated under five factors by using RETScreen.The results show that the building orientation has a slight influence on power generation in hot summer and warm winter zones.Zero energy buildings can be obtained easily in Tibetan Plateau,where energy production accounts for more than 200%of the energy consumption.Energy production is only approximately 170 kW h/(m^2 a)in southeast due to the poverty of solar resources,resulting in the inaccessibility to achieve zero energy in mid-rise and high-rise buildings just considering PV system.It is harder to realize zero energy with the increase of building height.High-rise buildings can achieve zero energy only in southwest of China,a place with abundant solar resources.This paper would help designers to lay out the design of PV system in different climate zones of China.