夏热冬冷地区近零能耗居住建筑除湿需求分析

Dehumidification Requirement of Nearly Zero Energy Residential Buildings in Hot and Humid Zones

以夏热冬冷地区典型近零能耗居住建筑和常规建筑为研究对象,采用De ST计算软件对比研究了夏季和除湿期的热、湿负荷特征,讨论了该地区近零能耗居住建筑适宜的除湿系统形式。研究结果表明:1)由于近零能耗建筑围护结构传热系数较低,随着照明和设备功率密度设计参数的减小,夏季和除湿期的典型日显热负荷分别降低约45.3%和79.7%;围护结构气密性的提高可降低约22.1%的显热负荷和湿负荷,近零能耗居住建筑显热负荷的降低程度明显高于湿负荷;2)近零能耗居住建筑的热湿比降低为常规建筑热湿比的60%左右。常规空调形式在近零能耗居住建筑中难以同时满足室内温、湿度环境要求,温、湿度独立控制空调系统拥有更好的应用前景;3)温、湿度独立控制空调系统新风送风含湿量在除湿期低于夏季,冷凝除湿系统能效较低。热泵型空调器与除湿转轮联合运行的除湿空调系统更容易满足近零能耗居住建筑健康性、舒适性和节能性的要求。

A typical nearly zero energy residential building and a conventional residential building in hot and humid zones were chosen as objects of study.The DeST simulation software was used to calculate and compare the characteristics of cooling load and moisture load in summer and dehumidification period.Then,dehumidification systems of nearly zero energy residential buildings in such climate zones were analyzed.The results show:1)In typical days of summer and dehumidification period,about 45.3% and 79.7% of the sensible load are decreased,respectively,due to the low heat transfer coefficient of nearly zero energy building envelops and the low power density of lighting and devices.About 22.1% of the sensible load and moisture load is decreased with the increase of air tightness of building envelops.The reduction rate of sensible load is higher than that of moisture load in nearly zero energy residential buildings.2)The angle scale of nearly zero energy residential buildings decreases to about 60%,as compared with that of conventional residential buildings.It is more difficult to meet the indoor temperature and humidity requirement with conventional air conditioners and the separate sensible and latent load air conditioning systems show better application prospects.3)The supply air humidity ratio of fresh air in the separate sensible and latent load air conditioning systems in dehumidification period is lower than that in summer.During the dehumidification period,the efficiency of vapor compression system is low.The combination of air conditioner and desiccant wheel is easier to meet the requirement of health,comfort and energy saving of nearly zero energy residential buildings.