精准扶贫的现实困境与优化路径——基于豫西L县的实地调查

Realistic Predicament and Optimized Path of Precise Poverty Alleviation:Based on a Field Survey of L County in Western Henan

精准扶贫是新时期我国扶贫开发工作的一次重大战略创新,是全面建成小康社会的重要抓手。精准扶贫战略有利于实现资源的精确配置,提高扶贫工作的精准度和有效性。但基于L县的实地调查发现,精准扶贫政策在基层执行过程中仍遭遇着结构化困境。贫困的“多元性”与帮扶措施的“简单化”、精准扶贫内涵的“丰富性”与基层实践的“局限性”、脱贫攻坚的“暂时性”与能力建设的“长效性”之间存在矛盾,贫困群体参与的主体性缺失和反贫困实践中的性别盲视等,都导致精准扶贫实践陷入了结构化困境。基于此,从建立稳定脱贫长效机制的角度出发,提出要严格执行多维贫困识别机制,加快推进城乡基本公共服务均等化,实现农村低保与扶贫开发“两项制度”衔接,不断进行基层扶贫治理机制创新,并纳入社会性别意识等优化路径,从而帮助贫困人口实现永久脱贫。

The Precise poverty alleviation is a major strategic innovation of poverty alleviation and development in China.It is an important starting point for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.The precise poverty alleviation strategy helps to optimize the allocation of resources and improve the accuracy and effectiveness of poverty alleviation.However,based on field investigation in L County,it is found that the implementation of the precise poverty alleviation policy still faces structural difficulties.There are contradictions between the"pluralism"of poverty and the"simplification"of aid measures,the"richness"of the connotation of precise poverty alleviation and the"limitation"of grassroots practice,the"temporariness"of poverty alleviation and the"long-term effectiveness"of capacity-building,the lack of the subjectivity of participation of poor groups and gender blindness in anti-poverty practice,all of which lead to the structural predicament of precise poverty alleviation practice.From the point of view of establishing a long-term mechanism for stabilizing poverty alleviation,this paper puts forward that we should strictly implement the multi-dimensional poverty identification mechanism,accelerate the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas,realize the convergence of the"two systems"of rural minimum living standard and poverty alleviation development,constantly innovate the mechanism of poverty alleviation at the grassroots level,and incorporate gender awareness into the optimization path,so as to help the poor achieve permanent poverty alleviation.