HIV核酸检测技术应用现状及前景

Application status and prospect of HIV nucleic acid detection techniques

艾滋病的广泛传播给社会造成了极大负担。目前艾滋病的防治工作主要是控制和切断艾滋病病毒(HIV)的传播,这就要求普及艾滋病的检测,以尽早地发现感染者。相较于其他的HIV检测方法,核酸检测的窗口期短,灵敏度、特异性高,在临床上可用于艾滋病的早期诊断,通过测定HIV血浆病毒载量预测疾病进程,评价抗反转录病毒治疗效果。根据资源特点和患者需求等因素,可将HIV核酸检测的应用场景划分为大型医院、基层医疗机构及家庭检测。本文综述了HIV核酸检测的不同应用场景及对应检测方法,并对HIV核酸检测的应用前景做了展望。

The spread of AIDS has imposed a heavy burden on society.Nowadays,the prevention and control of AIDS mainly focus on stop HIV transmission,which requires universal testing to detect those infected as early as possible.Compared with other HIV detection methods,nucleic acid detection possesses the advantage of short window period,higher sensitivity and specificity,and can be used clinically for early diagnosis of AIDS.It can predict the progress of disease by measuring HIV plasma viral load,evaluate the effect of antiretroviral therapy.According to the characteristics of resources and patient needs,the application of HIV nucleic acid detection can be used in large-scale hospitals,primary medical institutions and household testing.This paper aims to review the different application scenarios and corresponding detection methods of HIV nucleic acid detection,and finally discuss the challenges and prospects.