DNAN及TNT基熔铸炸药综合性能比较

Comparison of Comprehensive Properties for DNAN and TNT-Based Melt-cast Explosives

为了对比载体炸药2,4,6?三硝基甲苯(TNT)和2,4?二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN)、以及以它们为基的熔铸炸药的综合性能,系统研究了DNAN和TNT、以及DNAN/HMX(20/80)和TNT/HMX(25/75)熔铸炸药的流变、能量、安全、以及力学等性能。结果表明:载体炸药DNAN(6.87 mPa·s)的粘度低于TNT(9.05 mPa·s),DNAN/HMX熔铸体系的极限固含量(约80%)高于TNT/HMX熔铸体系(约75%);DNAN/HMX(20/80)和TNT/HMX(25/75)熔铸炸药的爆速分别为8336 m·s-1和8452 m·s-1,爆压分别为31.03 GPa和31.44 GPa;在1 K·min-1的慢速烤燃条件下,DNAN/HMX(20/80)和TNT/HMX(25/75)熔铸炸药的响应等级分别为燃烧反应和爆炸反应;在4.51GPa的冲击波入射压力条件下,TNT/HMX(25/75)在8~12 mm内达到完全爆轰,而DNAN/HMX(20/80)在12 mm内未能达到完全爆轰;DNAN/HMX(20/80)的抗拉和抗压强度均大于TNT/HMX(25/75)。因此可以得出结论,在能量性能基本持平的情况下,DNAN/HMX(20/80)熔铸炸药的安全及力学性能优于TNT/HMX(25/75)熔铸炸药。

In order to compare the comprehensive properties of 2,4?dinitroanisole(DNAN)?based and 2,4,6?trinitrotoluene(TNT)?based melt?cast explosives,the suspension rheology,performance,safety and mechanical properties of typical TNT?based and DNAN?based explosives were systematically investigated by experiment tests.The viscosity of DNAN(6.87 mPa·s)was lower than that of TNT(9.05 mPa·s),which made the limit solid content of the DNAN/HMX melt?cast system(about 80%)higher than that of the TNT/HMX melt?cast system(about 75%).The detonation velocity and detonation pressure was 8336 m·s-1 and 31.03 GPa,8452 m·s-1 and 31.44 GPa,for DNAN/HMX(20/80)and TNT/HMX(25/75),respectively.The response level of DNAN/HMX(20/80)and TNT/HMX(25/75)was burning and explosion,respectively under 1 K·min-1 slow cook?off.Under 4.51 GPa incident shock wave pressure,TNT/HMX(25/75)achieved complete detonation within 8-12 mm,whereas DNAN/HMX(20/80)failed to achieve complete detonation within 12 mm;tensile and compressive strength of DNAN/HMX(20/80)was higher than that of TNT/HMX(25/75).With basically equal energy performance,DNAN/HMX(20/80)meltcast explosives have better safety and mechanical properties than TNT/HMX(25/75)melt?cast explosives.