德国工业战略2030：背景、内容及争议

The German Industrial Strategy 2030: Background, Contents and Disputes

德国虽然说是国际公认的、成绩斐然的工业大国,但当今数字化智能化时代德国工业却出现创新乏力,面临着"内忧外压,前后夹击"的局面。2019年2月德国联邦经济和能源部长彼得·阿尔特迈尔(Peter Altmaier)发布《德国工业战略2030》的计划草案,在德国及欧盟引起轩然大波,褒贬不一。尽管《德国工业战略2030》目前只是一个草案,仅仅是德国政府有关德国工业未来的战略倡议,但它折射了德国政府相关理念和政策的新动向,即产业政策从间接诱导式的框架设定转向一定程度直接介入式的产业指向;竞争政策从单一强调公平竞争转向兼顾公平竞争和创新激励,并凸显保护主义色彩;政府从单一市场秩序维护者转向既是秩序维护者又是经济参与者的双重角色。

Although Germany is an internationally recognized industrial power with outstanding achievements,its industry is now weak in innovation in the era of digital intelligence,facing the situation of"internal and external pressure and a close fight".In February 2019,Peter Altmaier,the German Federal Minister of Economy and Energy,issued a draft plan for the German Industrial Strategy 2030,which caused a great disturbance in Germany and the European Union.Although the"German Industrial Strategy 2030'*is only a draft at the moment and only the German government's strategic initiative on the future of the German industry,it reflects the new trend of the German government’s relevant concepts and policies^that is^the industrial policy has changed from indirect inductive framework setting to industrial orientation with certain degree of direct government intervention;the competition policy has changed from mere emphasis on fair competition to a balance between fair competition and innovation incentives,highlighting the protectionist stance;and the government has changed its single role as the market order defender to the dual role as the order defender and economic participant.