英国印太战略的缘起、演变及结果(1964—1968)

The Origins,Evolution,and Results of Britain’s Indo-Pacific Strategy (1964—1968)

20世纪60年代末,英国宣布放弃对苏伊士运河以东的军事承诺。在撤出亚洲的过程中,英国政府推出了统筹印度洋和太平洋防务的印太战略。印太战略以遏制中国向亚洲大陆南缘扩张为目标,以英美相互依赖为中心,以军事基地调整和防务责任分担为主要方式。这一战略要解决的根本问题是将英国在西南太平洋和印度洋海域的主导地位移交给以美国为首的盟友。总的来说,印太战略的政策逻辑与"多米诺骨牌理论"如出一辙,同时又带有浓厚的控制海洋、以海制陆的英帝国传统防务色彩。然而,由于英美两国之间存在政策重心和亚洲战略认知差异,印太战略在多边交涉中搁浅。另一方面,在英国推动下,印太战略留存了部分遗产。英美在印度洋修建的以迭戈加西亚基地为核心的基地群成为美国印度洋霸权的标志之一。

In the late 1960s,the United Kingdom abandoned its commitment to the defence of the area east of the Suez Canal.As a replacement,Britain launched the Indo-Pacific Strategy that served to coordinat the defence of the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.This strategy aimed at containing China’s expansion to the southern edge of the Asian continent.It focused on forging an interdependent relationship between the United Kingdom and the United States,mainly through adjusting military bases and sharing of defence responsibilities.While the Indo-Pacific Strategy shared with the Domino Theory’s logic,it had a strong imprint left by the British imperial defence thinking that emphasized on obtaining sea power and on using sea power to contest for land power.However,due to the differences in policy focus and understanding of Asia between Britain and the U.S.,the Indo-Pacific Strategy did not live to make an impact.