基于ICF的社区体育活动服务架构与指导方法研究

Framework and Approach of Service and Guidance of Community-based Physical Activities Using ICF

目的研究如何运用ICF和世界卫生组织《社区康复指南》的架构和理论,构建社区体育活动服务体系以促进社区健康。方法运用ICF有关功能、残疾和健康的理论与方法,以及世界卫生组织《社区康复指南》矩阵作为社区体育活动与融合发展的架构,探讨社区体育活动。结果开展社区体育活动服务不仅可以提升不同参与人群的身体功能、运动能力,还可以促进构建健康行为方式,提升心理健康水平和提高幸福感。社区体育活动可以促进社区人群健康、康复、教育、生涯发展以及赋权。社区体育活动与社区健康、康复等活动的融合发展,共同构建现代社区健康服务体系。残疾人居家康复体育活动是以"社区-家庭-个人"形式开展的社区体育活动,残疾人居家康复体育活动指导是社区体育活动服务的重要组成部分,残疾人居家和社区体育活动指导是以个别化服务的形式,向残疾人提供有关体育活动的咨询、技能训练、运动环境的改造以及心理咨询与指导等,以促进他们形成健康的行为方式。结论运用ICF构建基于功能导向和整体健康的社区体育活动架构。运用世界卫生组织《社区康复指南》矩阵和方法促进体育活动与健康、康复、教育、职业发展和赋权等活动的融合,实现社区包容性发展和社区整体健康。从社区体育活动视角思考残疾人的居家康复体育作为社区体育活动的组成部分,为残疾人提供个别化的居家康复体育指导服务。

Objective To explore the community-based physical activities using ICF and the WHO Guideline of Community-based Rehabilitation(WHO CBR guideline) to develop framework and guidance service at community level to promote community health.Methods The ICF theory and approach of functioning, disability and health, and the matrix of WHO CBR guideline was adopted as a framework of community-based physical activities and inclusive development.Results Participants can improve their physical functioning and exercise ability, also promote the development of healthy behaviors, mental health and wellbeing through community-based physical activities. There are benefits of community-based physical activities for the participants for their health, rehabilitation, education, career development and empowerment. Health service system in modern community will be established with the integration of community-based physical activities, health care and rehabilitation. Family-based physical activities for people with disabilities include kinds of community-based exercises in the form of Community-Family-Individual. It is important to provide activity guidance for people with disabilities at community and family. With the approach of individualized guidance, the specialized services, such as counseling, skill training, modification of sport environment and psychological counseling, and guidance, will be provided to promote the people with disabilities to develop healthy behaviors.Conclusion A framework of community-based physical activities has been established model tailored to functioning and wellbeing using ICF. WHO CBR guideline has been adopted to promote inclusive development of communitybased physical activities, health, rehabilitation, education, career development and empowerment to achieve community inclusive development and overall health. Family or dwelling based physical activities are kinds of community-based physical activities, which are proposed to provide individualized guidance for people with disabilities.