论“文化转型”与老年社会工作创新

Culture Change and the Innovations of Social Work for the Elderly

"文化转型"是西方国家针对"老有所养"问题而提出的创新性养老服务设计与实践策略,为老年社会工作的理论创新与实务发展提供了重要动力。文化转型旨在完善"老年人导向性"的服务提供模式,建设"老年人友好型"的养老环境。在文化转型视角下,老年社会工作的创新路径有三:第一,老年社会工作者的角色定位创新,即老年社会工作者的职能定位与文化胜任力定位;第二,老年社会工作的服务质量评价体系创新,即"4P4I"评价体系建设,包括保障、预防、宣传、参与、意识形态、权益、组织机构与信息共八项要素;第三,老年社会工作的发展目标创新,即老年社会工作的价值与地位创新以及老年社会工作的理念与思路创新。

"Culture Change" is a complete set of new ideas and strategies to solve the problems of elderly support in developed countries. Culture change,which advocates the idea of "elderly-orientation" and "elderly-friendly",also serves as a stimulation mechanism of social work for the elderly. The innovations include three aspects: the innovative roles of the social workers which include functional roles and cultural competence;the innovative evaluation system which includes "4P4I" factors(protection,prevention,promotion,participation,ideologies,interests,institutions and information)and the innovative targets of the social work development,which include the value,status,ideas and methods of the social work for the elderly.