从激励性到强制性：城市社区垃圾分类的实践模式、逻辑转换与实现路径

From Incentive to Mandatory: Practice Mode,Logical Transformation and Implementation Path of Urban Community Waste Classification

随着城市化进程的不断加快,城市垃圾治理问题已经成为影响城市人居环境质量的重要方面。社区生活垃圾分类治理是城市垃圾治理的中间环节,亦是与城市居民高度相关的生活垃圾减量化的重要步骤。文章通过上海市垃圾分类综合治理工作实践分析,指出绿色账户模式、基层动员模式等以激励性措施为主导逻辑的垃圾分类治理模式存在垃圾分类法律法规体系不健全、政府垃圾分类治理动力不足、激励机制作用范围有限、居民垃圾分类的自觉意识不强等内生困境。城市社区垃圾分类治理工作的主导逻辑应当从激励性转向强制性,通过相关法律法规体系规定的强制性措施的完善,逐步构建城市居民垃圾分类的义务性观念。文章还发现,城市垃圾分类治理目标的实现,应当构建"强制+激励+教育"的整体性治理新路径。

Based on the analysis of the practice of comprehensive management of waste sorting in Shanghai,this article points out that the green account model and the grassroots mobilization model,etc.,with the incentive measures as the leading logic, the waste classification and governance model, the garbage classification laws and regulations are not perfect, the government waste classification governance is insufficient,and the incentives is limited by the limited scope of the mechanism and the lack of self-consciousness in the classification of household waste. The leading logic of urban community waste classification and treatment should shift from incentive to mandatory, and through the improvement of mandatory measures stipulated by relevant laws and regulations,gradually establish the obligation of urban residents to classify waste. This article also finds that the realization of urban waste classification and governance objectives should build a new path of "mandatory + incentive + education".