大豆育种排种盘型孔参数仿真优化与试验

Parameter simulation optimization and experiment of seed plate type hole for soybean breeding

为满足小区育种技术对品种适应性的要求,从黑龙江地区大豆种子的物理参数统计出发,分析大豆种子充种过程,确定排种盘型孔直径、型孔深度、型孔倒角长度与大豆种子均径的比值关系。为了得到排种盘型孔的最佳尺寸参数,利用EDEM软件,仿真不同型孔尺寸的排种盘的排种情况,以排种盘的型孔直径比、型孔深度比、型孔倒角比为试验因素,以单粒率、多粒率、空粒率为试验指标,设计三元二次回归正交旋转组合试验,建立试验指标与试验因素间的数学模型。试验结果表明:对单粒率,型孔直径比影响为极显著(P<0.01),型孔深度比和型孔倒角比影响为显著(P<0.05);对多粒率,型孔直径比和型孔深度比影响为极显著(P<0.01);对空粒率,型孔直径比和型孔深度比影响为极显著(P<0.01),型孔倒角比对多粒率、空粒率均无影响(P>0.05)。当型孔倒角比为0.14时,型孔直径比在1.73~1.91范围内,型孔深度比在0.76~1.25范围内时,可获得合格指数大于90%,重播指数小于5%,漏播指数小于5%。在最优参数组合下,制作行星齿轮式转位型孔排种盘,与非优化参数下制作的排种盘进行对比验证试验,试验结果表明:行星齿轮式转位型孔排种盘试验结果与仿真结果基本吻合,验证了仿真试验的准确性,同时与对照组相比,其具有最佳的作业性能,满足了品种适应性的要求。该研究可为小区育种排种器的优化设计提供理论参考。

It is very important to develop breeding techniques for breed improvement and grain production increase.However,the most breeding experiment is completed by labor,and it has the disadvantages of high labor intensity,low efficiency and high cost,and because of the human factors and personal differences,the quantity and accuracy of plot breeding experiment is seriously affected,and hampered the smooth proceed of breeding.So the breeding seeding machine plays an important role in improve work efficiency and breeding quantity.There are many varieties of soybean in plot breeding experiment and they are always different in size and shape,as such,the variety adaptability for the plot breeding seed metering device become a key factor.So the mathematical model of type hole structure of socket-roller seed plate for soybean should be created.In our study,firstly,six species of soybean in Heilongjiang were selected as experiment materials and a statistical analysis of their physical parameters was conducted.Based on this,the ratio of diameter,depth and chamfer length of the type hole to the average diameter of soybean seed was determined by the theoretical analysis of seed’s filling process.The discrete element simulation model of socket-roller seed plate was established and simulated the process of seed metering by EDEM.In order to get the optimal size parameter of type hole,the parameter optimization of type hole simulation experiment was conducted,and the ratio of diameter(DI Ratio),depth(DE Ratio)and chamfer length(CH Ratio)of the type hole to the average diameter of soybean seed was selected as experiment factors.The single-seed rate,multi seed rate and empty-seed rate was selected as experiment index,quadratic regression rotational combination experiment was done and the data was analyzed by Design-Expert 8.0.6 software,and we then obtained the regression model and analyzed the influence of factors on the index,the experiment results indicated that for single-seed rate,the influence of DI Ratio was very significant(P<0.01),the DE Ratio and CH ratio was significant(P<0.05),the single-seed rate first increased and then decreased with the increase of the DI Ratio,DE Ratio and CH Ratio,for multi-seeding rates,the influence of the DI Ratio and DE Ratio was very significant(P<0.01),and CH Ratio had no effect on multi-seed rate(P>0.05).The multiseed rates increased with the increase of DI Ratio and DE Ratio.For the empty-seed rate,the influence of the DI Ratio and DE Ratio was very significant(P<0.01),and CH Ratio had no effect on empty-seed rate(P>0.05).The empty-seed rate decreased with the increase of DI Ratio and DE Ratio,the empty-seed rate and multi-seed rate were all decreased first and then increased with the increase of CH Ratio.The single-seed rate was more than 90%,multi-seed rate and empty-seed rate was less than 5%by the parameter optimization module of Design-Expert 8.0.6.When the CH Ratio was 0.14,the range of DI Ratio was 1.73-1.91,and the range of DE ratio was 0.76-1.25,the seed plate had the best performance.In accordance with the optimal parameters,varieties of Ken bean 40 and Ken Feng 17 were selected as experiment materials,planetary gear type transposition type hole seed plates were made by 3 D Printing with the optimal type hole,and meanwhile the other two seed plates with different type hole without the optimal parameter were selected as contrast.The comparative experiment was done and the results showed that planetary gear type transposition type hole seed plate with the optimal type hole parameter had the best performance.The results were basically consistent with the simulation results,and the simulation optimization model had been verified.Meanwhile,the research provide a reference and method for the design and optimization of the type hole of seed plate.