基于生态适宜性分析的平原煤矿县生态空间优化

Ecological space optimization of plain coal mine county based on ecological suitability analysis

煤矿区塌陷为难点的生态问题已经成为制约平原煤矿地区社会、经济、生态可持续发展的阻力。本文从自然生态、特征限制、人为干扰3个层面构建平原煤矿地区生态适宜性综合分析体系,以山东省郓城县为研究区域分析生态适宜度,在此基础上引入最小累计阻力模型分析研究区生态网络,并以乡镇为单元提出优化建议,提升郓城县生态适宜度,稳固生态网络。结果表明:当前研究区生态适宜度5等级分区面积呈现正态分布,但分布极不均匀,最适宜区集中于县域北侧,最不适宜区集中于县域中南部的塌陷水域和塌陷深度较深的地区;生态网络主要集中于西北部区域,南部和中部相对欠缺。并针对现状对各等级分区结果实施不同的建设策略,并对生态网络结构的优化建议,从而为郓城县的生态修复建设和生态保护建设提供方向。

In the process of rapid urbanization of mine areas,the ecological space around these city is being constantly swallowed up.The collapse of coal mine area as a difficult ecological problem has become an important factor restricting the social,economic and ecological sustainable development of the coal mine area in the plain.However,quite a few coal mine areas tend to focus only on the ecological restoration of the subsidence area,resulting in a good ecological restoration in the subsidence area and a poor ecological construction in the non-collapsed area.There are few studies on the ecological suitability of the coal mine areas,and the evaluation system is constructed one-sided.In this paper,10 indicators were selected from the 3 aspects of natural ecology,feature limitation and human disturbance by the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)to construct an ecological suitability analysis system,based on the characteristics of the coal mine area in the plain.Taking Yuncheng County,Shandong Province as the studg area,and the ecological factor superposition method was used to calculate the ecological suitability of the studg area.The studg area was divided into 5 divisions according to the Natural Breaks(Jenks).Meanwhile,in order to avoid the fragmentation of ecological zones,the minimal cumulative resistance(MCR)model in landscape pattern analysis was introduced to construct the ecological network of the studg area:the largest ecological suitability patch of each township was selected as the ecological source site,the reciprocal of ecological suitability comprehensive index was taken as the ecological cost and the ecological corridor was calculated.By implementing different construction strategies for different important zoning to provide targeted optimization suggestions in choosing the direction for ecological restoration construction and ecological protection construction of Yuncheng County.The results were as follows:The most unsuitable area,the unsuitable area,the barely suitable area,the suitable area and the most suitable area were 90.66,274.99,643.42,530.64 and 103.66 km2 respectively.The most suitable area was mainly concentrated in the northwestern part of the county and the most unsuitable area was concentrated in the area of collapsed waters or high level of urbanization.According to the selection principle,a total of 14 ecological source points were selected to construct 43 ecological corridors in the county.The county had established an ecological network framework of"point-line-face".The current ecological spatial structure of the study area was unevenly distributed:the ecological structure was complex in the northwest,sparse in the south and deficient in the middle.The most unsuitable area should be as the core of ecological restoration and the most suitable area should be as the core of ecological protection to create a complex networked ecological support system.Optimize all grades by ecological measures such as constructed wetland construction,green space construction,and ecological river construction.And improve the stability of ecological network structure through the protection of ecological source areas,the construction of small ecological blocks,the construction of ecological corridor buffers,and the optimization of ecological matrix area,thus providing a basis for regional ecological space optimization.The study results will provide a reference for the ecological space optimization in the county of plain coal mine.