教育城镇化背景下义务教育资源配置效率的时空分异及影响机制——以安徽省铜陵市为例

Spatial and Temporal Differentiation and Influence Mechanism of Compulsory Education Resource Allocation Efficiency under the Background of Education Urbanization——Taking Tongling City of Anhui Province as an Example

促进教育公平是城乡融合发展的关键,以铜陵市13个乡镇为例,构建义务教育资源配置指标体系,借助超效率SBM模型,综合测算了2012—2017年铜陵市义务教育资源配置的综合效率、技术效率和规模效率,并分析其空间分异特征。结果表明:(1)铜陵市义务教育资源配置综合效率均值仅为0.881,未达到合理配置的标准;技术效率与规模效率均值分别为1.008和0.866,表现出义务教育资源配置的质量水平较高已达到合理标准,其数量水平较低尚不合理。(2)铜陵市义务教育资源配置综合效率的城乡差异较为明显,而技术效率和规模效率的城乡差距近年来均持续缩小,但呈现出高、低质量均衡化的区别。(3)教育城镇化背景下义务教育资源配置效率变动受多种因素的共同影响,包括经济发展水平、居民意愿、城镇化水平、义务教育政策、义务教育资源投入等。

It is the key for the integrated development of urban and rural areas to promote education equity.Taking 13 townships in Tongling City as an example,the compulsory education resource allocation index system is constructed.With the super-efficient SBM model,the comprehensive efficiency and technology of compulsory education resource allocation in Tongling City from 2012 to 2017 are comprehensively measured.Efficiency and scale efficiency,and analysis of their spatial differentiation characteristics.The results show that:(1)The average efficiency of compulsory education resource allocation in Tongling City is only 0.881,which does not reach the standard of reasonable allocation;the average technical efficiency and scale efficiency are 1.008 and 0.866,respectively,indicating that the quality level of compulsory education resource allocation is higher.It is too low to reach a reasonable standard.(2)The urban-rural difference in Tongling City is obvious in the comprehensive efficiency of compulsory education resource allocation,while the urban-rural gap between technical efficiency and scale efficiency has continued to shrink in recent years,but it shows the difference between high and low quality.(3)Under the background of education urbanization,the change of compulsory education resource allocation efficiency is affected by many factors,including economic development level,residents willingness,urbanization level,compulsory education policy,and compulsory education resources input.