基于单片机的直流电机调速控制

Speed Control and Realization of DC Motor Based on Single Chip Microcomputer

设计基于单片机的直流电机转速调速系统。以单片机为核心,加上测速、键盘输入及电机驱动等模块构成整个电机控制系统。对单片机内部资源和外围模块编程实现电机转速的采集和显示、键盘输入目标转速、内部运行增量式PID控制算法得到增量,根据增量对输出脉宽PWM占空比进行调制,使电机达到设定转速并匀速运转。PID控制是闭环控制,可以在转速偏离目标转速时快速调控。通过串口通信输出运行过程中的数据,进而对PID控制的参数进行整定。Matlab从串口接收数据并打印出PID调控曲线。实验验证了该系统能够实现实时控制电机转速调控的功能。

A SCM-based DC motor speed regulating system was designed,which consists of single chip microcomputer,speed measurement module,keyboard input module and the motor drive module.Having SCM’s internal resources and peripheral modules programmed to collect and display the motor speed.The keyboard inputs the target speed and the incremental PID control algorithm gets the increment.According to the increment,the output pulse width PWM duty cycle was modulated so that the motor can run at a designed and constant speed;the PID control as a closed-loop control can be adjusted rapidly when the speed deviates from the target speed.Matlab receives the data from the serial port and prints the PID control curve by outputting the data in the running process and setting the parameters of the PID control.The experimental results show that the control system can realize the real-time control of motor speed.