稻田养鸭对土壤养分及水稻生物量和产量的影响

Effects of Duck Raising in Paddy Field on Soil Nutrients, Rice Biomass and Yield

稻田养鸭作为一种水稻绿色生产技术,能有效节肥减药,对粮食安全和土壤改良具有重要的积极意义。为探明稻田养鸭对土壤养分和直播水稻生长的影响,设置“稻草粉碎还田+养鸭”(FD)和“稻草粉碎还田”(FR)2个处理,种植杂交稻H优518;设置“稻草灰化还田+养鸭”(SD)和“稻草灰化还田”(SR)2个处理,种植常规稻中早39。通过测定水稻生育特性和产量等指标,土壤全量养分和速效养分等指标,进行对比试验。结果表明:稻田养鸭能显著降低直播水稻株高2.1~4.2 cm,稻草粉碎还田养鸭显著增加直播水稻有效穗数52.16万穗/hm^2,达19.17%,从而显著增加当季直播水稻产量10.87 kg/667m^2,达3.46%,稻草灰化还田养鸭对直播水稻有效穗和产量无显著影响。稻草粉碎还田条件下养鸭使成熟期单株水稻生物量增加12.58%,其中穗干重增加12.96%。稻田养鸭增加种植后土壤全钾含量2.1%~3.92%,使土壤有机质含量增加了10.98%~16.74%,稻草粉碎还田条件下养鸭处理减少了种植后土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,而稻草灰化还田条件下养鸭增加种植后土壤速效氮含量8.38 mg/kg,达15.14%。

As a green production technology of rice,duck raising in paddy field can effectively save fertilizer and reduce medicine,which is of great significance to food security and soil improvement.In order to find out the effect of duck raising in paddy field on soil nutrients and the growth of direct seeding rice,the treatments“rice straw smashed and returned to the field with duck raising”(FD)and“rice straw smashed and returned to the field”(FR),were used to plant hybrid rice Hyou 518;the treatments“rice straw ashing return to field with duck raising”(SD)and“rice straw ashing return to field”(SR)were used to plant conventional rice Zhongzao 39.By measuring the indicators of growth characteristics and yield of rice,soil total nutrients and available nutrients,a comparative test was carried out.The results showed that raising ducks in rice field could significantly reduce the plant height of direct seeding rice by 2.1-4.2 cm,rice straw smashed and returned to the field with duck raising significantly could increase the effective panicle number of direct seeding rice by 5216000 panicles/hm^2,up to 19.17%,thus significantly increase the output of direct seeding rice by 163.05 kg/hm^2,up to 3.46%.There was no significant effect on the effective panicle and output of direct seeding rice.There was no significant effect of rice straw ashing return to field with duck raising on the effective panicle and output of direct seeding rice.Under the condition of rice straw smashing and returning to the field,duck raising increased the biomass of single rice plant at maturity by 12.58%,among which the dry weight of panicle increased by 12.96%.The content of soil total potassium increased by 2.1%-3.92%and the content of soil organic matter increased by 10.98%-16.74%after duck rising in paddy field,the content of soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium decreased under rice straw smashing and returning to the field,while the content of soil available nitrogen increased by 8.38 mg/kg and up to 15.14%under rice straw ashing and returning returning to the field.