环保型雨水口的分类模拟与效果评价

Classification simulation and effect evaluation of environmentally-friendly rain inlet

环保型雨水口是控制道路雨水径流面源的有效措施,特别是对初期雨水污染有突出的减控效果,在海绵城市建设中得到了广泛应用.由于环保型雨水口复杂的径流污染调控过程,目前尚缺乏合理和系统的模型概化手段,因而难以有效评估其径流污染调控效果.在全面梳理常见的环保型雨水口技术方案的基础上,将环保型雨水口概化分为弃流型、截流入渗型和人工填料型3类,考虑不同类型环保型雨水口复杂的径流调控与污染物削减环节,针对性地开展水量水质耦合模型构建,并利用设计降雨数据进行模型试算与效果评估.模型试算结果表明,该模型能够较好模拟均匀降雨、单峰降雨、双峰降雨和间歇降雨条件下的雨水口外排过程,满足水量平衡与污染物守恒.利用模型模拟能定量分离环保型雨水口不同环节的贡献,在此基础上评估了3类环保型雨水口径流调控与污染物削减的效果.相关成果能为环保型雨水口的规划设计与效果评估提供有效的模拟技术支撑,进而促进海绵型道路的推广应用.

Environmentally-friendly rain inlet is an effective measure to control non-point source rainwater runoff from road,especially for initial rainwater pollution.It has been widely used in construction of sponge cities.Due to the runoff pollution’s complex control process at environmentally-friendly rain inlets,there is currently no reasonable and systematic model generalization method,making it difficult to effectively evaluate the effects of runoff pollution control.To streamline the current technical solution regarding environmentallyfriendly rain inlet,such rain inlet is generalized into three types:abandoning type,accommodating/infiltrating type and artificial filler type.Due to the complicated runoff regulation and pollutant reduction of different types of environmentally-friendly rain inlets,a water quantity-water quality coupling model was constructed in a targeted manner,with designed rainfall data used to carry out model trial calculation and effect evaluation.The model was found to be able to simulate the draining process at rainwater inlet for unimodal rainfall,bimodal rainfall and intermittent rainfall,and meet water balance and pollutant conservation.Model simulation quantitatively separated contribution of different links of environmentally-friendly gullies.Appropriate indicators were calculated to evaluate the runoff regulation and pollutant reduction effects of the three types of environmentally-friendly rain inlets.These data provide technical support for evaluation and planning design of environmentally friendly inlets,and promote the application of sponge roads.