HAZOP分析技术简介及其在聚丙烯装置的应用

Introduction to HAZOP Analysis Technology and Its Application in Polypropylene Plant

危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)是一种高度专业化的、用于辨识工艺设计缺陷、工艺过程危险及操作性问题的定性安全评价技术。HAZOP分析前的准备及分析流程,主要包括节点划分、偏差产生、原因分析、风险评估及建议措施的提出等。通过对洛阳石化14×104t/a聚丙烯装置的HAZOP分析实例,详细阐述了HAZOP分析方法的实际应用,找出影响装置稳定运行的偏差,分析偏差产生的原因及后果,然后进行风险等级评估,结合聚丙烯装置已有措施,从工艺设计、仪表设计、安全设计及操作管理等方面提出装置需要改进的针对性建议措施,从而提高聚丙烯装置工艺操作安全性。然而,HAZOP分析方法存在一定的局限性,分析质量的好坏很大程度上取决于领导人的能力和经验,且相当的耗时费力,偏离选择不合适会导致分析历程遗漏或重复;同时,HAZOP分析报告还存在大量的信息缺失和隐含。

Hazard and operability analysis(HAZOP)is a highly specialized qualitative safety evaluation technique for identifying process design defects,process hazards and operational problems.The preparation and analysis process prior to the HAZOP analysis mainly includes node division,deviation generation,cause analysis,risk assessment and proposal of measures.Based on the HAZOP analysis example of the 140kt/a polypropylene plant at SINOPEC Luoyang Company,the practical application of HAZOP analysis method is described in detail,the deviation that affects the stable operation of the plant is found out,the causes and consequences of the deviation are analyzed,and the risk level is evaluated.Combined with the existing measures for the polypropylene plant,this paper puts forward some measures to improve the process design,instrument design,safety design and operation management of the plant,so as to improve the process operation safety of the polypropylene plant.However,there are some limitations in HAZOP analysis methods.The quality of analysis largely depends on the ability and experience of the chairman.It is quite time-consuming and laborious.Improper deviation will lead to the omission or repetition of the plot.At the same time,a lot of information may be left out or hidden in HAZOP analysis report.