理学概念“志”与“意”的认知解读——以《朱子语类》语料为例

Cognitive Interpretation of the Concept of “Zhi” and “Yi” in Neo-Confucianism——a case study of the corpus in Zhu Zi Yu Lei

理学核心概念“志”和“意”是心的两种表现。志是心之所向,在于目标的必须达到;意是心之所欲,重在权衡思虑,两者因有方向和终点的目的性而有路径意象图式和远近意象图式。在理学的概念隐喻中,两者可被隐喻为实体,因与心的关系而有活力。志刚健,其路径高远,其终点是光明的理想所在;意阴柔,其路径有长短、曲直、深浅区别。志的高远特性和路径意象图式体现在旅途隐喻,意味着理想的高尚和路途的艰辛。意的路径曲折,私意常不可言说,被隐喻成渣滓、脏物,需心中之理和圣贤之言的洗涤或擦除。但诚意之“诚”赋予了“意”道德和哲学意义。诚意是光明物,可消除私意阴暗的遮蔽。诚意作为内修的基础,它的隐喻特点体现在传统修辞的明喻手段。志和意的隐喻是理学概念隐喻系统的一部分,有其系统的连贯性。

The core concepts of“zhi”and“yi”in Neo-Confucianism are two manifestations of Heart.Zhi is the direction of Heart to the goal that must be achieved,while yi is the desire of Heart for intention weighing,both of which have path image schema and near-far image schema because of their direction and destination.In the conceptual metaphor of Neo-Confucianism,they both can be metaphorically referred to as entities,animated by Heart.Zhi is strong and energetic,whose path is upward,forward,and long,with a noble ideal as its destination,while yi is obscure and delicate,whose path may be long or short,curve or straight,deep or shallow.The lofty character and path image schema of zhi are embodied in journey metaphor,indicating the nobleness of the ideal and the hardship of the journey.The path of yi is zigzag.Selfish yi is often unspeakable,metaphorized as dross,filth,needing to be rubbed off and washed up with the reason in Heart and the words of the sages.However,the sincerity(genuineness)in chengyi(honest or sincere intention)brings moral and philosophical meanings to yi.The sincerity is the light that removes the shadow of selfishness.It,as the basis of internal cultivation,is characterized by the simile of traditional rhetoric.In Neo-Confucianism the metaphors of zhi and yi are parts of the conceptual metaphorical system that has its systematic coherence.