盐酸羟考酮缓释片不同给药途径的疗效及不良反应比较

Comparison of Effects and Adverse Reactions of Oxycodone Hydrochloride Sustained Release Tablets by Different Administration Routes

目的比较口服及直肠给予盐酸羟考酮缓释片的止痛效果及不良反应。方法选取2016年1月至2018年12月于新疆生产建设兵团医院肿瘤科治疗的晚期癌痛患者84例,按随机数字表法分为口服给药组和直肠给药组,每组42例。均按疼痛数字评价量表(numeric rating scale,NRS)进行疼痛评估,比较两组患者给药1、2、12、24 h后疼痛评分情况,以及给药72 h后恶心、呕吐、便秘、头晕、嗜睡、呼吸抑制等不良反应的发生情况。结果口服给药及直肠给药组在用药前及用药后1、12、24、48、72 h疼痛评分均差异无统计学意义,口服及直肠给予盐酸羟考酮缓释片后,患者疼痛均有不同程度缓解。不同给药途径的疼痛缓解率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同给药途径患者均出现恶心、呕吐、便秘、头晕、嗜睡等较常见的盐酸羟考酮缓释片不良反应,其中恶心、呕吐、便秘、头晕出现的例数较多,嗜睡出现的例数较少。结论口服及直肠给予盐酸羟考酮缓释片,具有相同的镇痛效果,直肠给药组的恶心、呕吐、便秘等消化道不良反应发生率较口服给药组少。

Objective To compare the analgesic effects and adverse reactions of oral and rectal administration of oxycodone hydrochloride sustained release tablets.Methods Eighty-four patients with advanced cancer pain who were treated in the oncology department of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital from January 1,2016 to December 31,2018 were selected and divided into the oral group and the rectal group according to the random number table method,with 42 patients in each group.Pain was assessed using the numeric rating scale(NRS).Pain scores were compared between the two groups at 1,2,12,and 24 h after administration,and adverse reactions such as nausea,vomiting,constipation,dizziness,drowsiness,and respiratory depression occurred 72 h after administration.Results There were no statistically significant differences in pain scores between the oral administration group and the rectal administration group at 1,12,24,48,and 72 h before and after the administration.There was no statistically significant difference in pain relief rate between different routes of administration(P>0.05).Patients with different routes of administration all showed nausea,vomiting,constipation,dizziness,drowsiness and other relatively common adverse reactions of oxycodone hydrochloride sustained release tablets,among which nausea,vomiting,constipation,dizziness occurred in more cases and drowsiness occurred in fewer cases.Conclusion Hydrocodone hydrochloride sustained release tablets given orally and rectum have the same analgesic effect,but the incidence of nausea,vomiting,constipation and other gastrointestinal adverse reactions in the rectal administration group is less than that in the oral administration group.