美国高等戏剧教育范式转型研究

The Change of Paradigms of American Higher Education in Theater

戏剧教育在美国高等教育中占有重要地位,被分为以培养戏剧专门人才为主的戏剧专业教育和培养完美人格为目标的戏剧通识教育。实际上,20世纪60年代美国高等戏剧教育才完成了从强调戏剧文本为中心到戏剧文本和剧场表演并重的范式转变。这一转变将表演艺术研究引入高等教育体系,完成了戏剧学学科完整化和学术化的道路。本文以茱莉亚学院和耶鲁大学表演专业的课程设置为例,探讨美国高等戏剧教育的特点,为我们高等戏剧教育提供学科建设上的启示和借鉴。

Theater education plays a very important role in American higher education, which includes conservatory training for professionals and general education for complete persons in comprehensive universities. In 1960 s, theater education in America witnessed the change from play-oriented studies to theater-oriented studies, which also indicates the complete constructing of theater studies as an academic discipline in American higher education system. This article takes the curricula of performing studies in The Juilliard School and Yale University as examples to explore the development and the features of American higher education in theater for constructing theater education in China.