真实与真知:《地母节妇女》中的悲喜剧竞赛

Reality and Truth——the Competition of Tragedy and Comedy in The Thesmophoriazusae

欧里庇得斯在阿里斯托芬的喜剧中屡遭讥讽。学界一般将这种讥讽归因为阿里斯托芬的保守立场或者两人不同的文艺取向。本文认为,阿里斯托芬之所以多次在作品中挖苦、讽刺欧里庇得斯,甚至在《地母节妇女》一剧中将之作为主角来攻击,并非单纯因为二人的政见或文艺趣味之差异,而是因为喜剧诗人认为,欧里庇得斯并不具备其自以为是的智识。阿里斯托芬嘲笑这位悲剧诗人的理由,与其在《云》一剧中嘲笑苏格拉底的动机相似,属于喜剧诗人对悲剧诗人与哲学家在智识方面发起的竞赛。

Euripides is often ridiculed by Aristophanes in his comedies, and one of the most common explanations of this phenomenon is that they have different political and cultural tendencies. However, this paper figures out that the reason why Aristophanes satirizes Euripides frequently in his works and even attacks Euripides as the protagonist in The Thesmophoriazusae is not simply because of their different political or cultural views, but because the comic poet believes that Euripides does not have the wisdom as he thought. This statement would allow us to reckon that Aristophanes mocks Euripides and Socrates with same motive, which is a competition launched by the comic poet in knowing the truth.