生态环境视角下有机农业发展助推环境保护与绿色发展（1994—2019）

Analysis of organic agriculture development promoting environmental protection and green development from the perspective of ecological environment(1994—2019)

习近平总书记在2018年全国生态环境保护大会上的重要讲话指出,要加快形成绿色发展方式,从源头上防治环境污染。实现绿色发展关键在于产业生态化、生态产业化,而推动有机农业发展是农业生产方式绿色转型和生态环境保护耦合发展的重要途径。本文从生态环境视角首先依据发展水平、发挥作用以及政策形势,将1994-2019年我国环境保护部门在推动有机食品发展和有机产品基地建设方面开展的工作划分为三个阶段;其次,总结凝练了有机产品基地建设在面源污染源头防控、农田生物多样性保护、生态扶贫及生态产品供给等方面产生的综合效益;最后,提出新形势下有机农业发展与有机产品基地建设在发展生态经济、防控面源污染、助推农村生态环境监管以及生态产业扶贫等方面的对策建议。

Preventing environmental pollution from the source is an important way to establish a green development mode in China. Promoting the development of organic agriculture is an important way for the green transformation of agricultural production methods and the coordinated development of ecological environment protection. From the perspective of ecological environment protection, this paper first divides the work carried out by China′s environmental protection departments in promoting organic food development and organic product base construction(1994-2019) into three stages according to the level of development, function, and policy situation. Secondly, it summarizes the comprehensive benefits of constructing organic product bases in the prevention and control of nonpoint source pollution, farmland biodiversity conservation, ecological poverty alleviation, and ecological product supply. Finally, countermeasures for the development of organic agriculture and the construction of organic product bases for the development of the ecological economy, prevention and control of nonpoint source pollution, promotion of rural ecological environment supervision, and ecological poverty alleviation are proposed.