科幻“软硬之分”的形成及其在中国的影响和局限

The Formation of the Distinction between “Hard Science Fiction” and “Soft Science Fiction” and Its Impact and Limitation in China

“硬科幻”概念诞生于20世纪50年代,原是美国科幻作家为重新确立坎贝尔式黄金年代风格的地位所重新提倡的创作主张。迟至70年代之后,“软科幻”这一概念才最终出现,并与“硬科幻”形成了二元对立的区分模式。80年代初,这一“软硬之分”被科幻作家引入中国,在当时特定的历史时期和社会语境当中,被赋予了强烈的目的性和功利性。在80年代中后期中国科幻逐渐复苏之后,这一分类方式因其简明扼要而被广泛采用,但同时,这一分类方式的内在弊病也充分暴露出来。随着新的话语资源被引入中国科幻文类当中,当下科幻作家们、理论家们进行了理论创新。

The concept of "hard science fiction" was born in the 1950s.It was originally advocated by American science fiction writers for re-establishing the status of Campbell style in the golden age.It was not until the 1970s that the concept of "soft science fiction" finally emerged and formed a binary opposition to "hard science fiction." In the early 1980s,this distinction between "hard science fiction" and "soft science fiction" was introduced into China by science fiction writers.In the specific historical period and social context at that time,it was endowed with strong purposefulness and utilitarianism.After the gradual recovery of Chinese science fiction in the mid and late 1980s,this classification was widely adopted because of its conciseness.However,at the same time,the inherent drawbacks of this classification were fully exposed. With the introduction of new discourse resources into Chinese science fiction genres,current science fiction writers and theorists have made theoretical innovations.