口述史采访中的文献收集工作

Document Collection in Oral History Interviews

口述史采访中文献收集工作是否做到位,经常直接影响甚至决定一个口述史项目的成功与否。然而,如何才能做好口述史采访中的文献收集工作,学界却鲜有论述。文章认为,口述史采访中收集文献的重要性,主要有三个理由:一是口述史采访,本质上说就是采集文献;二是文献收集是口述史访谈的必要准备;三是文献收集是口述史采访成果检验与评介的重要基础。文献收集主要有以下几个特点:一是文献载体的多样性;二是文献题材的广泛性;三是文献内容的专指性。而目前所见的口述史项目,文献收集或多或少地存在一些问题,如品种不全、数量不足、专指性差、分类错误等。文献收集应遵守的基本原则有:一要解决著作权问题;二要注意全面和准确;三要熟悉文献检索的基本方法。在文献收集过程中,最主要的是要善于发现核心文献源与文献类型,同时要善于选择核心研究机构与核心作者、注意核心出版机构与文献收藏机构,以及收集文献的时代性等问题。

Whether the literature collection work is done well or not in the interview of oral history often directly affects or even determines the success of an oral history project.However,how to collect documents in interviews in oral history is rarely discussed in the academic area.The article believes that there are three main reasons for the importance of collecting literature in oral history interviews:one is the interview of oral history,which is essentially the collection of literature;the second is that literature collection is a necessary preparation for oral history interviews;the third is that document collection is an important basis for the examination and evaluation of interview results.The literature collection mainly has the following characteristics:first,the diversity of the literature carrier;second,the extensiveness of the material of the literature;and third,the specificity of the literature content.As for the oral history projects currently completed,there are more or less problems in the collection of documents,such as incomplete varieties,insufficient quantity,poor specificity and misclassification.The basic principles that should be followed in document collection are:first,we must solve the copyright problem;second we should pay attention to the comprehensiveness and accuracy;third,we should be familiar with the basic methods of literature retrieval.In the process of document collection,the most important thing is to discover the core literature sources and document types.At the same time,we should be good at selecting core research institutions and core authors,paying attention to core publishing institutions and literature collection institutions,and collecting the age of the literature.8 refs.