新中国70年国家安全观的演变：认知、内涵与应对

The Evolution of National Security Concept in China over the Past 70 Years:Cognition,Connotation and Countermeasures

新中国成立以来,面对国内外安全环境的变化,中国实现了由传 统安全观向总体国家安全观的演变,显著体现在安全环境研判、安全内容认知和安 全维护手段三个方面。中共十八大以来,中国在安全方面频繁推出新理念、新方案 和新举措,中国的安全能力不断增强,国际安全影响日益增加。在安全观方面,中 国先后提出了总体国家安全观、亚洲新安全观、亚太安全观等理念,实现了安全观 的变革与创新。安全环境研判方面,对国内安全的认知更加全面系统、对周边安全 的认知更加统筹协调、对国际安全认知更加注重“中国作为”;安全内容认知方面, 认知内容日益丰富,兼顾传统安全与非传统安全,统筹国家安全与人民安全;安全 维护手段方面,不断完善国家安全体系、加强国家安全能力建设和推进国际安全合 作。回顾新中国七十年国家安全观的演变,历经安全实践的锤炼,已经形成了一些 基本经验,主要体现在安全环境研判需考虑内外因素并注重其联动性、坚持核心安 全需求的底线和安全维护手段要以和为贵、文攻武备。展望未来,其重要启示在于 中国的国家安全观要注重安全需求与安全能力之间的平衡,将安全能力建设视为至 关重要的任务,不断促进安全维护手段的多样性和灵活性。

In the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, a concept evolution has been observed in the field of national security from the traditional national security concept to the overall national security concept in the context of a constantly changing internal and external security environment. It is mainly manifested in three aspects: assessment of the security environment, understanding of the security content and means to maintain security. Since the 18 th National Congress of the CPC, China has not only enhanced its security capacities but also expanded its international presence due to the newly introduced security concepts, programs and measures. In terms of security concept, China has made a great breakthrough in putting forward a series of new concepts like the overall security concept, New Asian security concept and Asia-Pacific security concept. In terms of the assessment of the security environment, a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of internal security, a more shared and coordinated perception of peripheral security, and a greater emphasis on "China’s actions" in relation to international security have formed. The security content has become increasingly enriched, taking into account both traditional security and non-traditional security and integrating national security with people’s security. Regarding the means of security maintenance, China has been constantly improving its national security system, strengthening its national security capacity and facilitating international security cooperation. Reviewing the evolution of the national security concept over the past 70 years since the founding of the PRC, some empirical experiences have been accumulated through security practices, which stresses importance of both the internal and external factors and their linkage, the adherence to the bottom line of core security concerns and the advocacy of peace with due military preparations as regards the means of security maintenance. Looking ahead, China’s national security concept should strike a balance between security needs and security capabilities, put security capacity-building on the top of its agenda and continuously promote the diversity and maneuverability of its security maintenance methods.