社会批判理论视域下“康德/萨德”命题的哲学策略

The Philosophical Strategy of Proposition of "Kant/Sade" from the Perspective of Social Criticism Theory

霍克海默首次提出"康德与萨德"命题,他的基本观点是"萨德就是康德的真理"。他认为,萨德的性世界就像康德道德体系建构,萨德就是摆脱了监护的启蒙主体。萨德的思想见证的是启蒙"不经他人引导的知性"的哲学事实,萨德解除了中产阶级的严酷束缚,启蒙的认知除了拥抱善,同时也见证了恶。霍克海默认为启蒙与神话相互纠结,已经堕落为神话,启蒙没有实现社会进步的诺言。而萨德的邪恶就是启蒙道德负面性的展现,萨德必然地蕴含在康德的道德哲学体系中。

Horkheimer first proposed the proposition of Kant and Sade. His basic point is that Sade is Kant’s truth. He believes that Sade’s sexual world is like the construction of Kant’s moral system, and Sade is the subject of enlightenment from Guardianship. Sade’s thoughts bear witness to the philosophical facts of the enlightenment intellectuality guided by others. Sade lifted the harsh bondage of the middle class, and the enlightenment’s cognition not only embraced goodness, but also witnessed evil. Hawke’s default is the entanglement between enlightenment and mythology. It has fallen into a myth, and the promise of enlightenment has not achieved social progress. And Sade’s evil is the manifestation of the negative morality of enlightenment. Sade is inevitably contained in Kant’s moral philosophy system.