契丹部落联盟时期“王”“汗”称号及其关系——兼论“天皇王—天皇帝”称号及其双重性

The Titles of Wang and Khan and Their Relationship during the Alliance Period of the Khitan Tribe

史书记载,契丹部落联盟首领称号为"王"。在唐封王之外,契丹首领以"王"称者,多与有可汗称号者相通。契丹"王"具有指称可汗的义项,显示阿保机"天皇王"具有可汗属性;"天皇王"称号中的"皇",又使其具有"皇帝"属性。"天皇王"称号的双重属性为阿保机所开创,并为耶律德光所继承,进而延续至契丹-辽政权的后世皇帝。由此,契丹人"王""汗"相通的观念逐渐转变为"皇帝"与"(可)汗"互通。学界对契丹文字的解读也显示"王"与"汗"、"皇帝"与"(可)汗"具有互通关系。

Besides the title of "Wang" in the Tang dynasty, according to historical records, alliance leaders of the Khitan tribe also claimed to be "Wang", who had many similarities with those who were named "Khan". The Khitan "Wang" has the meaning of Khan, which shows that the "Tianhuangwang" of Abaoji has the Khan attribute;and the "Huang" makes it an "emperor" attribute. The double attributes of the title "Tianhuangwang" were founded by Abaoji, inherited by Yelv Deguang, and lasted until later emperors of Khitan-Liao regime. Since then, for Khitan people, the concept that "Wang" and "Khan" were interlinked had gradually changed into the one that "emperor" and "Khan" were interlinked. This point was also proved by academic interpretation for the Khitan Script.